這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得回答。
中國(guó)絕大多數(shù)人是把英語(yǔ)當(dāng)作外語(yǔ)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，所以利用母語(yǔ)遷移也是一種很好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。我把漢英語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)言的比較分析列表如下：
其中英語(yǔ)的前綴后綴就相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的左偏旁右偏旁，利用前綴后綴加詞根詞可以迅速擴(kuò)大詞匯量。英語(yǔ)的前綴后綴通常有如下一些，請(qǐng)結(jié)合例詞理解記憶。
對(duì)不起??！很多好友發(fā)現(xiàn)本資料圖片看不清，現(xiàn)改發(fā)word文本。
一、名詞后綴：后綴一般改變?cè)~性，不改變?cè)~義。
-age 狀態(tài)，行為
percentage, postage, advantage, disadvantage, average
-ance 性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)
importance, performance, acquaintance, allowance, entrance
-ant …者，…人
accountant, assistant, defendant, emigrant, immigrant, inhabitant, …
-cy 性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)
accuracy, agency, currency, emergency, fluency, mercy
-dom狀態(tài)；領(lǐng)域
freedom, wisdom, kingdom
-ee 受……者
employee (雇員), trainee (受訓(xùn)者), examinee (考生)
-eer …者，…家
engineer, mountaineer
-ence 行為或性狀
difference, absence, existence, independence, offence
-er 人或工具
speaker, fire fighter, owner, carrier, driver, hunter, painter
employer (雇主), trainer (培訓(xùn)官), examiner (監(jiān)考員)
-or 人
competitor, actor, conductor, translator, editor, visitor
-ese 地方/國(guó)人
Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Burmese, Vietnamese
-hood身份；地位
childhood, neighborhood, likelihood, brotherhood, parenthood, adulthood
-ian 人
civilian, librarian, musician, physician, politician,
-ist …者，…家
chemist, journalist, typist, scientist, cyclist, novelist, typist
-ism 主義，行為
socialism, communism, Buddhism, realism, tourism, individualism
-ity 性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)
ability, activity, anxiety, clarity, majority, minority, reality
-ment結(jié)果/方式
agreement, disappointment, announcement, treatment
-ness 性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)
business, darkness, weakness, happiness, kindness, sickness
-ship 狀態(tài)；身份
relationship, hardship, leadership, friendship, citizenship
-sion 結(jié)果，狀況
admission, comprehension, conclusion, discussion, division
-sure 行為，結(jié)果
insure, measure, pleasure, pressure, treasure,
-th 性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)
death, length, width, truth, depth, growth, strength, warmth, youth
-tion 結(jié)果，狀況
action, adaptation, addition, affection, application, attention
-ture 行為，結(jié)果
adventure, agriculture, architecture, creature, culture, feature
-ty 動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)
honesty, difficulty, poverty, beauty,
二、形容詞后綴：
-able 可…的；表示性質(zhì)
respectable, eatable, comfortable, valuable, fashionable, portable
-al有……性質(zhì)的
abnormal, actual, agricultural, annual, artificial, botanical
-(i)an 地方或國(guó)家人的
Asian, Christian, Egyptian, Hungarian, Indian, Indonesian
-ant 有……性質(zhì)的
significant, important, brilliant, tolerant,
-en 用……做成的
earthen, wooden, golden,
-ary 有……性質(zhì)的
anniversary, arbitrary, contemporary, contrary, elementary
-ed （感到）……的
accustomed, addicted, armed, ashamed, bored, delighted, gifted
-ern 表示方向
eastern, northern, southern, western
-ent 有……性質(zhì)的
apparent, confident, consistent, convenient, different, evident
-ese 地方或國(guó)家的
Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Burmese, Vietnamese
-ful 充滿……的
beautiful，successful, wonderful, mouthful, shameful, hopeful
-ic 與…有關(guān)的
basic, scientific, academic, alcoholic, allergic, Antarctic, Arctic
-ical 與…有關(guān)的
academical, bacteriological, ecological, geological
-ing （令人）……的
amazing, boring, challenging, disgusting, freezing, hardworking
-ish 像/有點(diǎn)……的
foolish, selfish, British, English, childish, girlish, yellowish
-less 沒(méi)有……的, 無(wú)…的
jobless, cordless, homeless, helpless, breathless, careless, endless
-ly 具有……性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的
daily, early, friendly, holy, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly
-ous 具有……性質(zhì)的
nervous, dangerous, poisonous, mountainous, humorous, anxious
-sive 屬性，與相關(guān)
aggressive, expensive, massive, passive,
-tive 有……性質(zhì)的
positive, primitive, radioactive, relative, representative, sensitive
-y 多…的, 有…的
funny, sunny, cloudy, wealthy, angry, cloudy, clumsy, greedy
三、副詞后綴：
分詞-ly ……地
surprisingly, hurriedly, undoubtedly, repeatedly, unexpectedly
副詞-ly ……地
badly, perfectly, truly, angrily, approximately, deliberately
形容詞-ly ……地
daily, early, friendly, holy, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly
-ward(s) 向……
straightforward, afterwards, backwards, outward(s), upward(s)
-wise ……地
crosswise, lengthwise, clockwise, streetwise
四、動(dòng)詞后綴：
-en 使……變成
widen, blacken, fasten, ripen, sharpen, strengthen, frighten
-fy 使成為
beautify, horrify, specify, purify, classify, satisfy, simplify, terrify
-ize(ise) 使成為；變成
memorize, apologize, realize, modernize, compromise, advertise
五、數(shù)詞后綴：
-teen 用于13-19基數(shù)詞
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sisteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
-ty 用于20-90整十?dāng)?shù)
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sisty, seventy, eighty, ninety
-th 用于基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞
eighth, ninth, fifth, twelvth, twentieth, thirtieth, fourtieth, fiftieth
六、常用前綴：前綴通常改變?cè)~義，少數(shù)前綴改變?cè)~性。
a- ……的
ahead, alike, alive, alone, asleep, aloud, awake,
dis- 不，非，無(wú)
disabled，disadvantage，disagree，disagreement，disappear
en- 使成為, 使處于
enable, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, enjoyable, encouragement
in- 不，非，無(wú)
indirect, incorrect, inactive, independence, independent
il- 不，非，無(wú)
illegal, illogical,
im- 不，非，無(wú)
impossible, immoral, impatient,
ir- 不，非，無(wú)
irregular, irreplaceable, irresponsible,
non- 不，非，無(wú)
non-existence, non-essential, non-electrical
un- 不，非，無(wú)
unhealthy, unsuccessful, uncommon, unpleasant, unfortunate
inter- 在...之間, 相互
international, interfactory, interactive
mis- 錯(cuò)誤，否定
mistake, misunderstand, misapply, mismanage, misname
re- 再、重新
rebuild, recycle, reconsider, review, react，rebuil，rebuilt, reform
tele- 遠(yuǎn)距離
telephone, telegraph, telescope, teleoperated
希望你對(duì)這個(gè)回答滿意！
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