本人一直提倡利用簡化結(jié)構(gòu)、回補(bǔ)成分和還原句子三個步驟來解析長難句，其意義在于通過簡化、回補(bǔ)和還原的過程，可以快速準(zhǔn)確鎖定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，明確語法關(guān)系，培養(yǎng)語感，抓住句子的核心并理解句子的意義。下面繼續(xù)挑選五個句子進(jìn)行解析，供英語愛好者參考。
第一句
原句：
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
解析：
1. 簡化結(jié)構(gòu)：
…, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues … tracked the environmental costs … — ….
簡化后的句子呈現(xiàn)簡單句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues是并列主語，tracked是謂語，the environmental costs是賓語。
2. 回補(bǔ)成分：
2.1 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues… tracked the environmental costs… — ….
按序回補(bǔ)句子成分，動詞不定式短語to figure out … 是目的狀語修飾謂語tracked，由疑問副詞how引導(dǎo)的從句how much power these devices are using是動詞詞組figure out的賓語從句。
2.2 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New Yorktracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life, — ….
繼續(xù)回補(bǔ)句子成分，介詞短語at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York作后置定語修飾并列主語Callie Babbitt and her colleagues，介詞短語for each product throughout its life作后置定語修飾costs。
2.3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
最后回補(bǔ)所有成分，還原句子，破折號—是以標(biāo)點(diǎn)，非語言手段連接前后句子成分，旨在對前述內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的擴(kuò)展，即解釋說明。介詞詞組from…to各自接由疑問副詞when引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語。
3. 小結(jié)：
本句比較長，但并不太復(fù)雜，需要注意的是本句的平衡處理的非常好，句首是較長的動詞不定式接賓語從句的狀語，主句的主語和謂語分隔較遠(yuǎn)，破折號引導(dǎo)的介詞詞組接賓語從句處于句尾，層次分明，平衡得當(dāng)。
第二句
原句：
The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy whose curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures while growing up alongside his friends and family.
解析：
1. 簡化結(jié)構(gòu)：
The show, …, followed a teenage boy ….
簡化后的句子為簡單句， The show是主語，followed是謂語，a teenage boy是賓語。
2. 回補(bǔ)成分：
2.1 The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy …
回補(bǔ)后的成分是主語the show的非限定性定語，將主謂成分分隔開，這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往造成信息傳遞障礙，尤其是分隔部分比較長的情況下。
2.2 The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy whose curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures ….
繼續(xù)回補(bǔ)的成分，是主句賓語的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作主語curiosity的定語，同時引導(dǎo)定語從句，謂語是leads，介詞短語about life作后置定語修飾curiosity，介詞短語into some hilarious adventures作從句的狀語修飾謂語動詞lead。2.3The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy whose curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures while growing up alongside his friends and family.
最后回補(bǔ)成分，還原句子，由關(guān)聯(lián)詞while引導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在分詞短語growing …做狀語修飾，修飾定語從句中的謂語lead，介詞短語alongside …作現(xiàn)在分詞growing的狀語。需要注意的是，根據(jù)上下文，現(xiàn)在分詞growing的邏輯主語是其所在的定語從句中的賓語him，因邏輯關(guān)系明確清晰因而采用while growing…這種省略形式，可以還原成表示時間的狀語從句：while he grew up alongside his friends and family。
3. 小結(jié)：
本句雖然不算長，但比較復(fù)雜，有分隔成分和省略成分，信息傳遞不夠流暢，給理解造成一定的困難。
第三句：
原句：
That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
解析：
1. 簡化結(jié)構(gòu)：
That might mean either developing …, or abandoning … and moving … — ….
簡化后的句子為簡單句，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)清晰明了，主語是代詞That，謂語是情態(tài)助動詞might和動詞mean，賓語是三個動名詞developing，abandoning和moving，是并列賓語，副詞either作狀語并和連詞or形成either…or結(jié)構(gòu)。本句因并列成分多，為簡明計，把動名詞所帶的賓語省略。
2. 回補(bǔ)成分：
2.1 That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, …, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — ….
回補(bǔ)后的成分包括，第一個并列賓語developing所帶的賓語a uniform way to mark videos and images，其中動詞不定式短語to mark videos and images作定語修飾way，第二個并列賓語abandoning所帶的phone calls作賓語和副詞altogether作狀語，第三個并列賓語moving所帶的towards data-based communications作狀語。2.2That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — ….
繼續(xù)回補(bǔ)后的成分是現(xiàn)在分詞showing引導(dǎo)的短語作狀語修飾動詞不定式to mark，同時接由疑問副詞when和關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。2.3That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
最后回補(bǔ)還原的句子是由破折號—引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作同位語修飾communications，其中，由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾前面兩個專有名詞FaceTime和WhatsApp。
3. 小結(jié)：
本句比較長且復(fù)雜，但更主要的是有些成分的修飾關(guān)系比較難確定，需要根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷，如，showing是修飾developing還是修飾to mark需要仔細(xì)琢磨。
第四句
原句：
Although creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman's series premiered on September 22, 1994 and went off the air on May 6, 2004, its sustaining popularity on streaming services -- coupled with our love of celebrating retro moments through a social media lens -- means that there are a ton of over-the-top promotions tied to this anniversary.
解析：
1. 簡化結(jié)構(gòu)：
…, its sustaining popularity … -- … -- means ….
簡化后的句子為簡單句，主語是popularity，謂語是means，its sustaining分別是代詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾主語popularity。
2. 回補(bǔ)成分：
2.1…its sustaining popularity on streaming services -- coupled with our love of celebrating retro moments through a social media lens-- means….
回補(bǔ)后的成分on streaming services是介詞短語作定語修飾popularity，兩個破折號之間過去分詞短語coupled with our love of celebrating retro moments through a social media lens是利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)對之前的成分進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充什么，可以看作是主語popularity的定語，其中coupled的邏輯主語是popularity，其狀語是介詞短語through a social media lens。
2.2…, its sustaining popularity on streaming services -- coupled with our love of celebrating retro moments through a social media lens -- means that there are a ton of over-the-top promotions tied to this anniversary.
回補(bǔ)后的句子為主從復(fù)合句，回補(bǔ)的成分是謂語means的賓語從句，主語是ton，介詞短語of over-the-top promotions tied to this anniversary作后置定語修飾ton，其中現(xiàn)在分詞短語tied to this anniversary作定語修飾promotions。2.3Although creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman's series premiered on September 22, 1994 and went off the air on May 6, 2004, its sustaining popularity on streaming services -- coupled with our love of celebrating retro moments through a social media lens -- means that there are a ton of over-the-top promotions tied to this anniversary.
完全回補(bǔ)成分暨復(fù)原后的句子為主從復(fù)合句，回補(bǔ)后的成分是由Although引導(dǎo)的從句作讓步狀語，主語是series，并列謂語是premiered和went，creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman's是主語series的定語修飾，兩個時間狀語分別修飾兩個并列謂語，介詞短語off the air作went的狀語。
3. 小結(jié)：
本句比較長且難，主要是從句前置且比較長，主句的主語修飾成分暨定語比較長，致使信息量增大，傳遞不暢，難以快速確定謂語，造成理解難度增加。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，although從句比較長且前置和修飾成分較多的主句大體上取得平衡，同時，主句的賓語從句也比較長，也與修飾成分較多的主語形成較好的平衡關(guān)系。
第五句
原句：
The impact factor, a number calculated annually for each scienti c journal based on the average number of times its articles have been referenced in other articles, was never intended to be used to evaluate individual scientists, but rather as a measure of journal quality.
解析：
1. 簡化結(jié)構(gòu)：
The impact factor, ..., was never intended ..., ....
簡化后的句子是簡單句，主語是The impact factor，謂語was never intended。
2. 回補(bǔ)成分：
2.1 The impact factor, ..., was never intended to be used to evaluate individual scientists, but rather as a measure of journal quality.
回補(bǔ)后的成分是動詞不定式短語to be used to evaluate individual scientists作目的狀語，其所包含的另一個動詞不定式to evaluate individual scientists作to be used的狀語，連詞but 和前面否定副詞never連用接rather as a measure of journal quality形成并列目的狀語。
2.2 The impact factor, a number calculated annually for each scientic journal based on the average number of times..., was never intended to be used to evaluate individual scientists, but rather as a measure of journal quality.
繼續(xù)回補(bǔ)成分，a number是名詞作factor的同位語，其后相繼連接后置定語， calculated annually for each scientific journal是過去分詞短語作定語修飾number， based on the average number of times是第二個過去分詞短語作定語修飾journal。
2.3 The impact factor, a number calculated annually for each scientic journal based on the average number of times its articles have been referenced in other articles, was never intended to be used to evaluate individual scientists, but rather as a measure of journal quality.
最后回補(bǔ)成分，還原全部句子，its articles have been referenced in other articles是定語修飾times，其中，the average number of times既在前面的定語中作介詞on的賓語，又在定語從句中作狀語。
3. 小結(jié)：
本句比較長且復(fù)雜，比較明顯的是，主句的主語和謂語被帶有三個疊加后置定語的同位語分隔開，謂語之后的并列狀語比較長，同時，定語從句its articles have been referenced in other articles和the average number of times不太容易辨別清楚，因此，分隔成分長，修飾成分多造成信息量偏多，傳遞不暢，理解比較困難。
