Now is the Dragon Boat Festival, and the north is the custom of eating the dumplings, wearing Sachet, dragon boat racing in the south as well, such as drinking realgar wine. Bring Dragon Boat Festival, many people will think of the great poet Qu Yuan. However, the Suzhou people say, in fact, the Dragon Boat Festival is the first memorial of Wu.
Minister Wu Wu is the Spring and Autumn Period, were members of the word Zixu, turned out to be the state of Chu. His father, the Prince of Chu Wu She is the Grand Tutor. 522 BC, king Ping of Chu construction is about to marry Prince spotted the Qinmu Gong's daughter, and a traitor Fei Wuji conspiracy, robbery scene staged farce son's wife. Finally, the king Ping of Chu reconvened the Prince built, and the instigation of the Fei Wuji, Wu She killed and Wu's brother Wu and the Wu family is still more than 100 ports.
Country full of open-minded hatred of hate at home, Wu may not want to sit still. He fled in panic, all the way Elegy. "Wuyuechunqiu" records, an arrest warrant was issued to arrest Chu Wu, also sent troops to catch up. Wu Tai-line the river, going to Heaven and crying, legends are all white hair overnight. He later heard that Prince built in the Song, they found him defect to Wu.
Wu's flight experience, is the most talked about novelist later material, which derived from the story, more to the list goes on.
Wu Wu fled after begging in the streets of Wu. By Wu Guogong sub-light to see, recognize Wu he is famous, so quietly that he hired his hangers on.
Light to win over to the son of Wu, the Wu for his plan to seize power a set of programs. Zhuan Zhu Wu Wangliao first with the assassination, so the son of light to the throne and become king lu; and then with the assassination of Liao's son to leave Qingji for consolidation of the country and the king lu; then they found military strategist Sun Wu, growth the State of Wu's military power.
Lu king came to power, the very confidence of Wu, to ask him how Chengjiubaye. Wu said the first thing is the "phase soil water tasted like heaven and earth, making building cities." Pattern of Suzhou city in 2500 which lay for many years. Wu did not forget of course, revenge, lu nine break in one fell swoop Wu Jun, Chu Ying Du, Ping Wu dug tomb Bianshi three hundred, at a blood feud.
Helv ascended the throne after the son of Fu Chai of Wu defeated in the Taihu Lake water forces more soldiers, more are scoring up a victory, retreated Goujian Kuaijishan. Gou hardships of the scheme hidden from Wu, the Northern Expedition loyal Qi Fu Chai of Wu heard the plan was shocked several times, is the advice of Fu Chai Yue scourge, to be eradicated as soon as possible. By this time, was proud of where the listening into the Wu Fu Chai, the home truths? Qi Guoxuan also deliberately sent his envoy to war. To the Qi Guoxuan Wu king that war would be his son actually "Tuogu" minister in Qi, that is treason! Wu is also a straightforward happens stubborn temper, he told himself after the death of Fu Chai, "Wu Death to the more" sense of foreboding. King was furious, "thanks to" the sword so that he committed suicide. Wu died furious and said: "After my death will be my eyes on the city of East Gate, the more I want to see how the soldiers to fight the country into the city." This angered the king did under even more, he sent the dead bodies into the river of Wu.
Ben Wu Fu Jian Zixu death, with the flow into a Yang-Bo Narcissus. Southern Liang Daizong Howling's "Jingchu Chronicle", the first explicit reference to the victims of Wu's time is "May 5", from the beginning on this day the people of Soochow "in Jiang Su Tao Ying Tao of God," child sacrifice Wu Xu's souls, and this is the origin of dragon boat racing. Can be seen, the Dragon Boat Festival is the result of the first Wu ago. "Jingchu in mind," said the Dragon Boat Festival originated, they are more clear: "things in Zixu, none of Quping also."
206 years after the death of Wu and his people with a Chu Yuan, once again, after being exiled grandson since Shen Miluo. The difference is that the two men: Qu Yuan in the case could drag on, he took the martyred; Wu survive in difficult circumstances, after the difficult, the last successful flight. More difference is that Wu is not only victory of flight, but also chose the revenge! Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, the final evolution of the festival, I am afraid because this is also the feudal rulers need is submissive, the need is "Jun called Chen Si Chen had to die" instead of resistance and revenge.
Confucius said: "Jun-Jun, Chen Chen; Father Father, Son and Son." Means that the king should be like a monarch, minister to be like a minister. However, Confucius did not say if the "king not king", and ministers how to do? "By beam floating in the sea?" The key question is can often monarchy with "floating in the sea" is not free to courtiers ah! Mencius'd happy, pointedly said: "The king, as the minister as foe, as Chen Jun, such as autocrat!" Would be right for such a little taste. Results are the first Ming emperor ordered the "waste not worship", even tablets have been thrown out of the Confucian shrine.
In short, the history of authoritarian monarchs do not like such people of Wu, they need people like Qu Yuan. They asked only signed between the monarch and his subjects unilateral "King contract" - I always have "faint" right, but you can only do "loyalty" obligation.
Wu forgotten by history, Qu Yuan are much forward, one of the reasons, indeed intriguing. However, in Suzhou, 2500 years later, people have changed, Xumen has been stands. The Xumen the edge of the addition of a stone image of Wu, unaware of the vicissitudes of life with unlimited.
People as a mirror, every Dragon Boat Festival, Wu's probably still a lot of people think
英語(yǔ)好文閱讀
馬上就是端午節(jié)了，北方的習(xí)俗是吃粽子、戴香囊，在南方還有賽龍舟、喝雄黃酒等。提起端午節(jié)，很多人都會(huì)想到大詩(shī)人屈原。但是，蘇州人說(shuō)，端午節(jié)其實(shí)最早祭奠的是伍子胥。
伍子胥是春秋后期吳國(guó)大臣，名員，字子胥，原來(lái)是楚國(guó)人。他的父親伍奢是楚國(guó)的太子太傅。公元前522年，楚平王看上了太子建即將迎娶的秦穆公的女兒，就和奸臣費(fèi)無(wú)極合謀，上演了一幕強(qiáng)奪子妻的丑劇。最后，楚平王逼走了太子建，又在費(fèi)無(wú)極的煽動(dòng)下，殺了伍奢和伍子胥的大哥伍尚及伍家100多口。
國(guó)恨家仇滿襟懷，伍子胥可不愿坐以待斃。他倉(cāng)皇出逃，一路悲歌?！秴窃酱呵铩酚涊d，當(dāng)時(shí)楚國(guó)發(fā)了通緝令捉拿伍子胥，還派兵追趕。伍子胥行至大江邊，仰天大哭，傳說(shuō)一夜須發(fā)皆白。后來(lái)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)太子建在宋國(guó)，便找到他一起投奔吳國(guó)。
伍子胥的逃亡經(jīng)歷，是后世小說(shuō)家最為津津樂(lè)道的素材，由此而衍生的
故事，多到不勝枚舉。
伍子胥逃到吳國(guó)后，就在吳國(guó)的街頭行乞。被吳國(guó)公子光看見(jiàn)，認(rèn)出他就是大名鼎鼎的伍子胥，于是就悄悄地將他聘為門(mén)客。
公子光籠絡(luò)到伍子胥后，伍子胥為他謀劃了一整套奪權(quán)方案。先用專諸刺殺吳王僚，讓公子光登上王位，成為吳王闔閭;然后又用要離刺殺僚的兒子慶忌，為吳王闔閭鞏固了江山;接下來(lái)又找到軍事家孫武，壯大了吳國(guó)的軍事力量。
吳王闔閭當(dāng)政后，非常信任伍子胥，向他請(qǐng)教如何成就霸業(yè)。伍子胥稱第一件事就是“相土嘗水，像天法地，造筑大城”。蘇州2500多年的城市格局由此奠定。伍子胥當(dāng)然沒(méi)忘記復(fù)仇，闔閭九年，吳軍一舉攻破楚國(guó)郢都，伍子胥掘平王墓鞭尸三百，報(bào)了血海深仇。
闔閭之子夫差即位后，吳國(guó)水軍在太湖打敗越兵，乘勝攻入越都，越王勾踐退守會(huì)稽山。勾踐臥薪嘗膽的計(jì)謀瞞不過(guò)伍子胥，忠心耿耿的伍子胥聽(tīng)到夫差北伐齊國(guó)的計(jì)劃十分震驚，幾次勸告夫差越國(guó)才是心腹之患，要盡快根除。而此時(shí)，志得意滿的夫差哪里聽(tīng)得進(jìn)伍子胥的逆耳忠言?還故意派他出使齊國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。吳王認(rèn)為伍子胥去齊國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)，居然將自己的兒子“托孤”于齊國(guó)大臣，就是謀反!偏偏伍子胥也是耿直倔強(qiáng)的脾氣，他告訴夫差自己死后“吳國(guó)必亡于越”的預(yù)感。吳王大怒，“賜”劍讓他自殺。伍子胥死前憤恨不已地說(shuō)：“我死后一定將我的眼睛放在城東門(mén)，我要看到越國(guó)兵是怎么打進(jìn)城的。”這下更激怒了夫差，他派人把伍子胥的尸首投入江中。
子胥奔吳伏劍死，隨流揚(yáng)波成水仙。南朝梁代宗懔撰寫(xiě)的《荊楚歲時(shí)記》，第一次明確提到伍子胥遇難的
時(shí)間是“五月五日”，從此東吳百姓開(kāi)始在這一天“于江溯濤迎濤神”，祭祀伍子胥的英靈，這就是賽龍舟的由來(lái)?？梢?jiàn)，最早的端午節(jié)是因伍子胥才有的?！肚G楚歲時(shí)記》中說(shuō)到端午起源時(shí)則更明確地說(shuō)：“事在子胥，不關(guān)屈平也。”
伍子胥死后206年，和他同是楚國(guó)人的屈原，再一次被楚懷王放逐后自沉汨羅。兩人的不同之處在于：屈原在可以偷生的情況下，毅然選擇了殉國(guó);伍子胥在難以活命的情況下，歷經(jīng)艱難，最后順利逃亡。更為不同的是，伍子胥不但勝利逃亡，而且還選擇了復(fù)仇!端午節(jié)最終演變?yōu)榧o(jì)念屈原的節(jié)日，恐怕原因也正在此，封建統(tǒng)治者需要的是逆來(lái)順受，需要的是“君叫臣死臣不得不死”，而不是反抗和復(fù)仇。
孔子曰：“君君，臣臣;父父，子子。”意思是說(shuō)君要像個(gè)君，臣要像個(gè)臣。但孔圣人并沒(méi)有說(shuō)如果“君不像君”了，大臣該怎么辦?“乘桴浮于海”?可關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是，很多時(shí)候君主連“浮于海”的自由也不給臣子啊!孟子倒是痛快，一針見(jiàn)血地說(shuō)：“君視臣如寇仇，臣視君如獨(dú)夫!”倒是有點(diǎn)兒權(quán)利對(duì)等的味道。結(jié)果被明太祖朱元璋下令“廢而不祀”，連牌位都被扔出了儒家祠堂。
總之，歷代的專制君主們都不喜歡伍子胥這樣的人，他們需要的是屈原這樣的人。他們要求君臣之間只能簽訂單方面的“霸王合同”——我永遠(yuǎn)擁有“昏”的權(quán)利，但你們卻只能盡“忠”的義務(wù)。
伍子胥被歷史忘卻，屈原被大加弘揚(yáng)，其中的原因，的確耐人尋味。但在蘇州，2500年過(guò)去了，物是人非，胥門(mén)卻一直屹立著。而胥門(mén)的邊上，又多了一尊伍子胥的石像，渾然中蘊(yùn)含著無(wú)限滄桑。
人心如鏡，每到端午節(jié)，想到伍子胥的恐怕仍大有人在!
