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2、開發(fā)和配置應用程序

（13）改進index.jsp

l 我們要在JSP中使用JSTL，所以將lib/j2ee/jstl.jar和lib/jakarta-taglibs/standard.jar導入到springapp/WEB-INF/lib目錄下

l 創(chuàng)建include.jsp包含對Taglibs的引用，以便其它JSP包含引用：

<%@ page session="false"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt" %>

l 為了這些文件不讓用戶直接訪問，可以將文件放在/WEB-INF目錄下，這里將文件放在/WEB-INF/jsp目錄下

l 修改index.jsp，使用<c:redirect>重定向到控制器

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<%-- Redirected because we can‘t set the welcome page to a virtual URL. --%>

<c:redirect url="/hello.htm"/>

（14）改進視圖和控制器

l 和include.jsp一樣，hello.jsp也是不能直接訪問的，所以將hello.jsp移動到/WEB-INF/jsp目錄下

l 在hello.jsp中，我們增加當前日期和事件的輸出，這是從后面講到的Model中獲取的

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<html>

<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>

<body>

<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>

<p>Greetings, it is now <c:out value="${now}"/>

</p>

</body>

</html>

l 由于hello.jsp的路徑改變，并且需要Model數據，因此需要修改控制器來調整輸出視圖的路徑并提供Model數據

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

    /** Logger for this class and subclasses */

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

        logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

        return new ModelAndView("/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp", "now", now);

l 在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost:8888/springapp，就會顯示帶當前日期和時間的歡迎頁面

（15）減少視圖和控制器的耦合

l 上面的例子中視圖和控制器存在依賴關系。我們的想法是使用邏輯名字來映射視圖。這就允許在改變視圖（如名字、路徑）時不需要修改控制器。

l 簡單的映射就是使用InternalResourceViewResolver設置前綴和后綴

l 修改springapp-servlet.xml，增加viewResolver條目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

  - Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

    <bean id="springappController" class="SpringappController"/>

    <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">

        <property name="mappings">

            <props>

                <prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

            </props>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>

        <property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>

        <property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>

    </bean>

</beans>

l 這樣就可以在控制器中去掉視圖的前綴和后綴

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

    /** Logger for this class and subclasses */

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

        logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

        return new ModelAndView("hello", "now", now);

（16）增加業(yè)務邏輯類

l Product類提供業(yè)務數據，ProductManager類用來管理Product（即業(yè)務數據）；它們都實現(xiàn)為JavaBean

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Product implements Serializable {

    private String description;

    private Double price;

    public void setDescription(String s) {

        description = s;

    public String getDescription() {

        return description;

    public void setPrice(Double d) {

        price = d;

    public Double getPrice() {

        return price;

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.List;

public class ProductManager implements Serializable {

    private List products;

    public void setProducts(List p) {

        products = p;

    public List getProducts() {

        return products;

l 為了將Web表示和業(yè)務邏輯分離，這些類和控制器放在不同的包中bus和web；注意將SpringappController移動到web包中

l 修改SpringappController，保存ProductManager的引用，以便向視圖傳遞業(yè)務數據；由于需要傳遞多個對象，使用Map結構

package web;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.HashMap;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import bus.ProductManager;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

    /** Logger for this class and subclasses */

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    private ProductManager prodMan;

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

        logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

        Map myModel = new HashMap();

        myModel.put("now", now);

        myModel.put("products", getProductManager().getProducts());

        return new ModelAndView("hello", "model", myModel);

    public void setProductManager(ProductManager pm) {

        prodMan = pm;

    public ProductManager getProductManager() {

        return prodMan;

（17）修改視圖顯示業(yè)務數據，同時提供消息束支持

l 使用<c:forEach>遍歷顯示業(yè)務數據，使用<fmt:message>從后面介紹的的消息文件中獲得消息顯示

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<html>

<head><title><fmt:message key="title"/></title></head>

<body>

<h1><fmt:message key="heading"/></h1>

<p><fmt:message key="greeting"/> <c:out value="${model.now}"/>

</p>

<h3>Products</h3>

<c:forEach items="${model.products}" var="prod">

  <c:out value="${prod.description}"/> <i>$<c:out value="${prod.price}"/></i><br><br>

</c:forEach>

</body>

</html>

（18）增加測試數據以自動組裝業(yè)務對象

l 上面的例子還沒有增加從數據庫來裝載業(yè)務對象的功能代碼，所以使用Spring的Bean和應用程序context功能來實例化，這需要在springapp-servlet.xml中加一些Bean條目

l 增加messageSource指定消息資源束保存的文件messages.properties

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

  - Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

    <bean id="springappController" class="web.SpringappController">

        <property name="productManager">

            <ref bean="prodMan"/>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="prodMan" class="bus.ProductManager">

        <property name="products">

            <list>

                <ref bean="product1"/>

                <ref bean="product2"/>

                <ref bean="product3"/>

            </list>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="product1" class="bus.Product">

        <property name="description"><value>Lamp</value></property>

        <property name="price"><value>5.75</value></property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="product2" class="bus.Product">

        <property name="description"><value>Table</value></property>

        <property name="price"><value>75.25</value></property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="product3" class="bus.Product">

        <property name="description"><value>Chair</value></property>

        <property name="price"><value>22.79</value></property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">

        <property name="basename"><value>messages</value></property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">

        <property name="mappings">

            <props>

                <prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

            </props>

        </property>

    </bean>

    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

        <property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>

        <property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>

        <property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>

    </bean>

</beans>

（19）增加消息束

l 在springapp/WEB-INF/classes目錄下創(chuàng)建messages.properties文件，注意key值與<fmt:message>中引用的一致

title=SpringApp

heading=Hello :: SpringApp

greeting=Greetings, it is now

l 重新部署，在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost:8888/springapp，就會顯示帶當前日期和時間以及業(yè)務數據的頁面

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