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本期導(dǎo)讀

近來，BBC的一段視頻在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上走紅——一位國(guó)際關(guān)系教授在家中接受連線采訪時(shí)，他的女兒和兒子先后闖進(jìn)了他的房間。隨后他的妻子沖了進(jìn)來將兩個(gè)孩子帶走。本來這只是直播當(dāng)中的一個(gè)小插曲，卻引發(fā)了人們對(duì)亞裔族群在西方國(guó)家的社會(huì)地位界定的廣泛討論。不同族群對(duì)彼此間的認(rèn)知又有哪些誤解與偏見？不同種族的人們又是否真的能和平共處呢？

正文

本文選自 BBC

譯者：鄧小雪&倪婷

校對(duì)：曾擎禹&魯城華

筆記：徐嘉悅

策劃：徐嘉悅

Why did people assume an Asian woman was the nanny?

為什么人們會(huì)覺得亞洲女性是保姆？

There was an unexpected distraction during a live interview on BBC News

BBC新聞在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)連線采訪時(shí)發(fā)生了意料之外的小插曲。

By now, most of the Internet seems to have seen the video of a BBC interview being interrupted by two small children.

到目前為止，大部分網(wǎng)友似乎都已經(jīng)看過了BBC連線采訪被兩個(gè)小盆友打斷的視頻。

International Relations professor Robert Kelly's interview about South Korea was briefly interrupted when his two small children walked in.

國(guó)際關(guān)系教授Robert Kelly在接受關(guān)于韓國(guó)政局情況的連線直播時(shí)，他的兩個(gè)小孩闖進(jìn)了屋里，短暫地打斷了采訪。

He managed to keep his composure, and his wife ushered the two young intruders out.

他盡力保持鎮(zhèn)定，而他的妻子也很快將兩個(gè)孩子帶出房間。

The video has been viewed hundreds of million times - and delighted hundreds of thousands of people on social media.

該視頻被瀏覽了上百萬次，也娛樂了社交媒體上的很多人。

But it didn't go unnoticed that many people - including some media outlets, had assumed that Prof Kelly's wife, Jung-a Kim, was the nanny.

但是，值得注意的是很多人——包括一些媒體，都把他的妻子Jung-a Kim當(dāng)成了保姆。

It's sparked a wider discussion about assumptions about race, gender, and mixed-race couples.

這一先入為主的成見引發(fā)了關(guān)于種族、性別和跨國(guó)婚姻的廣泛討論。

Was it reasonable to assume Ms Kim was a nanny?

認(rèn)為Kim女士是保姆合理嗎？

Some families in South Korea do hire nannies - especially if both parents work long hours.

一些韓國(guó)家庭確實(shí)雇傭保姆——尤其是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的雙職工家庭。

But many people feel the assumption that Ms Kim was a helper, rather than the children's mother, was grounded in racial stereotypes about the roles played by Asian women.

但很多人認(rèn)為把Kim女士當(dāng)作保姆而非孩子的母親，是一種對(duì)于亞洲女性所扮演角色的種族成見。

Not everyone thinks this is fair. Some have argued that the look of panic on Ms Kim's face, and the way she speedily ushered out the children, suggested that she was the nanny - and concerned for her job.

但不是每個(gè)人都這么想。有的人爭(zhēng)辯道，Kim女士表情慌張，她趕忙把孩子拉走說明她是保姆——因?yàn)樗龘?dān)心丟掉飯碗。

But others say she behaved as only a mother would - and that she was obviously anxious that her husband's interview not be disrupted further.

不過另一些人表示，她正是做了一個(gè)母親該做的事——很明顯她不希望丈夫的采訪繼續(xù)被打斷。

Either way, it's fair to say Korean speakers would have known she was the mother - because during the video, the daughter appears to say: 'Why? What's wrong?' and 'Mummy, why?'

不管怎么樣，懂韓語的人應(yīng)該知道她就是母親——因?yàn)樵谝曨l過程中，女兒好像在說“為什么？媽媽，怎么啦？”

What sort of assumptions do people make about Asian women?

人們關(guān)于亞洲女性的成見

Conscious - or unconscious bias, does happen sometimes.

有意或無意的偏見時(shí)有發(fā)生。

When I was at university in London, most people I met assumed that I (as a British Chinese student) was studying either medicine or economics - when I was actually studying English literature.

我在倫敦讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候，我遇見的大部分人都覺得我（作為一個(gè)華裔英國(guó)學(xué)生）念的是醫(yī)學(xué)或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)——但實(shí)際上我是學(xué)英國(guó)文學(xué)專業(yè)的。

It was a little annoying, but not a huge deal. But sometimes assumptions can be more hurtful.

這有點(diǎn)讓人不爽，但不是什么大問題。但有時(shí)候成見帶來的傷害會(huì)更大。

One journalist of Indian descent says when she went to work at a regional newspaper, the receptionist mistook her for a cleaner, and asked her: 'Are you here to clean the kitchen?'

一位印度裔的記者說，當(dāng)她在一家地區(qū)性報(bào)刊社工作的時(shí)候，前臺(tái)把她誤認(rèn)為清潔工，還問她“你是來打掃廚房的么？”

And Kumiko Toda, an academic of Japanese descent, says a majority of people who meet her for the first time ask her where she's from - despite her growing up in the UK and having a British accent.

另一位名叫Kumiko Toda的日裔女性也表示，大部分人第一次見到她都會(huì)問她是來自哪里——盡管她是帶著英國(guó)口音、土生土長(zhǎng)的英國(guó)人。

It also seems to have affected how some strangers interact with her.

這似乎也影響了她與陌生人之間的互動(dòng)。

'I was surprised when chatting about street harassment with my friends who are white - they had quite different experiences,' she says.

Kumiko Toda說：“當(dāng)我與我的白人朋友說起街頭騷擾時(shí)，她們的遭遇和我非常不同，這讓我很吃驚?！?/p>

'They said they did not experience nearly as much as I did and the comments tended to be less patronising, although just as bothersome in other ways.

“她們被騷擾的情況遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有我多。而且外界的評(píng)論沒有顯示出高人一等的感覺，不過在其他方面卻一樣令人討厭?！?/span>

'I wonder whether my ethnicity and the perception of East Asian women as being submissive has something to do with the frequency and the nature of the harassment I experience.'

“我懷疑是不是因?yàn)榉N族膚色以及大家覺得亞洲女性都比較溫順的原因，才讓我遇到這么多這樣的騷擾?！?/p>

Are people still surprised by mixed-race couples?

現(xiàn)在人們還對(duì)跨種族婚姻感到驚訝嗎？

Another factor that may have led to the assumptions that Ms Kim was a nanny, is the fact that many still assume, consciously or unconsciously, that people tend to date others from the same ethnic group.

Kim被當(dāng)成保姆的另一個(gè)原因是，許多人依然認(rèn)為（或者說有意無意地認(rèn)為）應(yīng)該和同一種族的人交往。

Once, I was at a concert with three male friends - two white English, and one British Chinese - and everyone I spoke to assumed that I was dating the Chinese guy.

有一次我和3個(gè)男性朋友去聽音樂會(huì)，其中2位是英國(guó)白人1位是華裔英國(guó)人，每個(gè)和我說話的人都以為那個(gè)華人是我男朋友。

Tiffany Wong and Jonathan Smith, a couple in the UK, say they experienced some discrimination from strangers when they started dating, although it was very much the exception rather than the norm.

Tiffany Wong 和Jonathan Smith是英國(guó)的一對(duì)情侶，他們稱自己在開始交往時(shí)遇到了旁人的歧視，盡管這種歧視只是一個(gè)特例。

'We have had people shout stuff at us - once, when we were walking down the street, a guy yelled 'it's so sad you're going with an Asian girl' to John,' Tiffany says.

Tiffany說：“我們遇到過被路人大吼這種事情。有一次我們正在街上走著，突然一個(gè)人沖著John大吼說‘你和亞洲女孩交往這真是太不幸了’?！?/p>

Some of their colleagues and family were also initially surprised when they realised they were dating someone of another race.

一些同事和家人在最初得知他們?cè)谂c另一個(gè)種族的人交往時(shí)也非常驚訝。

'When I mention my fiancee at work, people normally just assume she's Caucasian, and they might be surprised to learn she's not. It's not offensive - it's just that their first thought is that you date someone from your own race,' John says.

John說：“當(dāng)與同事說起我的未婚妻的時(shí)候，他們自然地認(rèn)為她是白種人，在知道了并不是之后他們可能會(huì)很吃驚。這并不是一種冒犯，而是說他們的第一反應(yīng)是你應(yīng)該約會(huì)同一種族的人。” 

Does everyone make assumptions though?

是否每個(gè)人都有成見？

Some have argued that assuming that Ms Kim was the nanny is a sign of white-centric bias.

有人提出，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為Kim女士是保姆是一種白人中心主義的偏見。

But others have argued it's a chance for people to revisit their assumptions.

還有人認(rèn)為這件事可以讓人們重新審視自己的成見。

And assumptions about race can be a two-way street.

關(guān)于種族的成見有時(shí)候是雙向的。

Helen (not her real name), a Filipina nanny working in South Korea, says she has noticed that some 'Koreans are very particular about skin colour' and appear to discriminate against some people with darker skin.

Helen（化名）是一位韓國(guó)菲傭，她說自己感覺到韓國(guó)人對(duì)膚色問題非常在意，而且會(huì)歧視深色皮膚的人。

Meanwhile, Andrew Wood, a BBC journalist who worked in South Korea for two years, says he was often mistaken for a US soldier while he was there.

與此同時(shí)，BBC記者Andrew Wood曾在韓國(guó)工作了2年。他說在韓國(guó)時(shí)，他經(jīng)常會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為是美國(guó)大兵。

'Taxi drivers would rarely stop for white men on Friday or Saturday night as they allegedly assumed white men were drunk soldiers who would vomit in the back of their cabs.'

“在周五或周六的晚上，出租車司機(jī)很少停下來接載白人男性，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這些白人是喝醉的大兵，會(huì)在計(jì)程車后座上嘔吐?！?/p>

外媒簡(jiǎn)介

英國(guó)廣播公司 (BBC)，成立于1922年，是英國(guó)最大的新聞廣播機(jī)構(gòu)，也是世界最大的新聞廣播機(jī)構(gòu)之一。在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)BBC一直壟斷著英國(guó)的電視、電臺(tái)。在1955年獨(dú)立電視臺(tái)和1973年獨(dú)立電視臺(tái)成立之前，BBC一直是英國(guó)唯一的電視、電臺(tái)廣播公司。

學(xué)習(xí)筆記

1、harassment n. 騷擾

when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you

2、patronising adj. 認(rèn)為自己高人一等的，自命不凡的

someone who is patronizing talks to you in a way that shows they think you are less intelligent or important than them

3、white-centric bias 白人中心主義的偏見

4、vomit v. 嘔吐，惡心

eject (food, etc from the stomach) through the mouth; be sick