[Linux]
post by 后山一根蔥 / 2010-6-12 16:36 Saturday
內容：使用openssl自己生成證書
環(huán)境：ubuntu 9.10
來源：后山一根蔥
這兩天在配置一個SSL環(huán)境，也發(fā)了些時間。下面是我自己在配置中的一個流水過程，有需要朋友可以參考，如有不對的地方還望指出。
安裝openssl
sudo apt-get install openssl
按照 OpenSSL 的默認配置建立 一個目錄ssl（eg. mkdir /home/jecks/ssl） ，需要在ssl下建立相應的目錄結構。相關的配置內容一般位于/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf 內。在終端中使用如下命令建立目錄結構：
$ mkdir -p ./demoCA/{private,newcerts}
$ touch ./demoCA/index.txt
$ touch ./demoCA/serial
注：在文件serial中寫入01，index.txt為空文件。
進入/hone/jecks/ssl/下面，執(zhí)行命令
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# pwd
/home/jecks/ssl
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# ls
demoCA
1.首先要生成服務器端的私鑰(key文件):
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
運行時會提示輸入密碼,此密碼用于加密key文件(參數(shù)des3便是指加密算法,當然也可以選用其他你認為安全的算法.),以后每當需讀取此文件(通過openssl提供的命令或API)都需輸入口令.如果覺得不方便,也可以去除這個口令,但一定要采取其他的保護措施!
去除key文件口令的命令:
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]#openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
2.用server.key生成一個證書：
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]#openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@qiujicai.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@qiujicai.com
生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交給CA簽名后形成服務端自己的證書.屏幕上將有提示,依照其指示一步一步輸入要求的個人信息即可.
3.對客戶端也作同樣的命令生成key及csr文件(在這兩步寫在一起):
A： [root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........++++++
..++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
B： [root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@qiujicai.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@qiujicai.com
4.生成的CSR證書文件必須有CA的簽名才可形成證書.這時生成一個KEY文件ca.key 和根證書ca.crt
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
...................++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
Enter PEM pass phrase:12345
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@qiujicai.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@qiujicai.com
5.用生成的CA的證書為剛才生成的server.csr,client.csr文件簽名（這也是兩寫在一起）:
A： [root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT
Not After : Feb 26 04:15:02 2011 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = china
organizationName = xxx.Ltd.C
organizationalUnitName = jecks
commonName = www.qiujicai.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
30:70:D2:EB:9B:73:AE:7B:0E:8E:F6:94:33:
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:DB:D6:83:BB:
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
B： [root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]#openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The countryName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (CN) and the request (cn)
..................
另外，這個certificate是BASE64形式的,要轉成PKCS12才能裝到IE,/NETSCAPE上.所以還要:
[root@qiujicai.com~/ssl]# openssl pkcs12 -export -in client.pem -inkey client.key -out client.pfx
Enter pass phrase for client.key:
Enter Export Password: # 設置client.pfx密碼
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
現(xiàn)在我們所需的全部文件便生成了.
另：
client使用的文件有：ca.crt,client.crt,client.key,client.pfx
server使用的文件有：ca.crt,server.crt,server.key
6.最后
編輯/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
NameVirtualHost *:443
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerSignature
OnSSLEngine On
SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt #指定服務器證書位置
SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/server.key #指定服務器證書key位置
SSLCACertificatePath /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt #證書目錄
SSLCACertificateFile /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.crt/ca.csr #根證書位置
#開啟客戶端SSL請求
SSLVerifyClient require
SSLVerifyDepth 1
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName www.qiujicai.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/test
ErrorDocument 404 http://www.qiujicai.com/err.php
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/test/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHOst>
證書安裝及使用
把剛才生成的證書：根證書ca.crt和客戶證書client.crt(client.pfx)安裝到客戶端， ca.crt安裝到信任的機構，client.crt直接在windows安裝或安裝到個人證書位置，然后用IP訪問HTTP和https服務器。在IE中我們一般導入client.pfx證書，導入時會提示上面設置的密碼。
