生活.曲線.人 發(fā)表于 2008-11-6 14:11:00
英語書信類應用文的寫法
書信格式
一般格式
英文書信的構成可分為7個部分：
信頭(Heading)
日期(Date)
收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address)
稱呼(Salutation)
信文(Body of the letter)
結束語(Complimentary close )
署名(Signature)
(1)信頭(Heading)
信頭是指發(fā)信人的單位名稱或地址。一般情況下發(fā)信人只需把自己的地址寫(打字，手寫均可)在信的右上角，離開信紙的頂頭約1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下：
①齊頭式
256 West Nanjing Street
Nanchang, Jiangxi Province
China
② 縮進式
Henan Road
Shanghai
China
注意：寫地址的次序與中文不同，應先寫門牌號碼街道，然后城市和國名。寫地址時間采用齊頭或縮進式，以及每行后要不要加標點符號，都沒有固定的規(guī)定，如寫給經常往來的親友，這項地址也可以省略。
(2) 日期(Date)
寫日期注意下列各點：
① 年份應寫全。例如不能用“99”來代替“1999”;
② 月份應寫英文名稱，除May, July外，可用縮寫，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用數字來代替，如7/4/99或7，4，99，因為在英國此日期代表7th April, 1999, 而美國則代表4th July, 1999。
③日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th… 11th, 21st…22 nd, 31 st等。
日期的幾種寫法：
a: July 7, 1998
b. 1st October, 1998
c. 30 Nov., 1997
d. Sep. 3 rd, 1999
④ 特別注意英文書信日期應緊著寫信人地址下一行，不能像寫中文書信那樣寫在書信簽名之后，這是很多學生的常見錯誤。
精選范文
P．O．Box 2089
Beijing, China
Sep. 7th. 1999
(3) 收信人姓名及地址(inside Name and Address)
寫信人的地址和日期寫好以后，接著就要寫收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事務信件或給較生疏的朋友的信件要寫，而在給較熟的朋友的信中則可省去。這一項寫在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名寫一行，收信人地址可分兩行或三行寫，和寫信人的地址一樣，上下可取齊，也可向右縮進。在姓名前一般要加上稱號，稱號因人而異。
① 對普通男子用Mr.;
②對未婚女子用Miss;
③對已婚女子用Mrs., 對婚姻狀況不明確的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；
④對教授或博士(醫(yī)生)用Prof. 或Dr.
精選范文
66 Smith Street
Manchester
England
27 May 1999
Mr. Jee Green
West Tenth Street
Hawaii
U.S.A.
(4) 稱呼(Salutation)
稱呼指的是信文開頭的那種稱呼，如Dear, Mr., uncle, 各種稱呼因人而異。在稱呼后面一般是用逗號，但也有用冒號的。現(xiàn)歸納如下：
①對父母、兄弟、姐妹等；
a. Dear Father,
b. My dear Mother,
c. Dear Sister,
d. Dear Tom,
② 對親戚：
a. My dear Auntie.
b. Dear Cousin,
c. My dear Cousin,
③ 對朋友、同學
a. My dear friend,
b. Dear Mr. Jackson,
c. My dear Mr. Jackson,
④ 對未婚女子：
a. Dear Miss Luce,
b. My dear Miss Luce,
⑤ 對一般婦女，不論是否結婚：
a. Ms.
b. Dear Madame,
⑥ 對已婚生子：
a. Dear Mrs. Helen Jackson,
b. My dear Mrs. Helen Jackson,
⑦ 對公司、工廠、學校等：
a. Dear Sirs,
b. Sirs,
c. Gentlemen,
(5) 信文(Body of the letter)
信文是信件的主體部分，也就是信的內容。正文應在稱呼下兩行開始。信的開頭第一個字母通常和稱呼開頭第一個詞平齊。也有往后退四個或八字個字的。下面介紹一些開頭語和結尾語。
開頭語
① 相當于中文的“敬啟者”。
a. I beg to inform you that …
b. I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that …
c. I have the honor to address you that …
d. I write in a hurry to inform you that …
e. I have the pleasure to tell you that …
f. I’m very much delighted to inform you that …
② 相當于中文的“接讀某月某日來信，一切知悉”。
a. I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th …
b. Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.
c. It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 20th.
d. In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, deeply regret that …
e. I have received your kind letter of May 20th.
f. Words can’t express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.
g. Your letter dated May 20th has been received
結尾語采用三種方法：
① 采用分詞短語：句末用逗號，不用句號。例如：
a. Waiting for your good news,
b. Looking forward to your early reply,
c. Hoping to hear from you soon,
d. Hoping you are enjoying good health,
e. Regretting that I can’t give you a more favorite reply,
f. Regretting the trouble I’m causing you,
g. Wishing you every success,
h. Wishing you a pleasant journey,
i. Wishing you a happy New Year,
②采用介詞短語，句末用逗號，不用句號。例如：
a. With best regards,
b. With kind regards to your family,
c. With best wishes to you and yours,
d. With best wishes for your success and happiness,
e. With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,
f. With best regards and wishing you all success,
g. With warmest regards,
h, With best regards to you and your family,
i. With the season’s greetings,
③ 采用完整句子：句末用句號。例如：
a. We are waiting for your good news.
b. I hope to receive your early reply.
c. We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
d. I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success.
(6)結束語(Complimentary Close)
①結束語的一般寫法如下：
Yours faithfully,
Yours truly,
Truly yours,
Sincerely yours,
②公函常用：
Faithfully yours,
Yours respectfully,
Respectfully yours,
Yours sincerely,
③私人書信常用：
Sincerely yours,
Yours very sincerely,
Yours affectionately,
Yours ever,
④給親戚朋友的信常用：
Love,
All my love,
Your(ever) loving son/daughter/cousin, etc.
Your affectionate nephew,
Yours lovingly,
Lovingly yours,
(7)署名(Signature)
下面是署名的例子：
①個人署名：
Yours truly,
W. J. Watson
②公司署名：
Your faithfully,
Legend Computer Company
Wang Lin
Sales Manager
精選范文
① 生日賀信
Dear Bob,
Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day.
With my sincere wishes for your success,
② 圣誕節(jié)及新年賀信
Dear Mary and Helen,
A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous (繁榮) future.
My families who are well and happy, join me in my good wishes.
Yours very sincerely, Barbara
③感謝信
Dear Sir,
With feelings of deep gratitude I address you to give my thanks for your noble and generous efforts by which my son was saved from the lake. Surely, if it had not been for your help, my son would not be alive now. I shall be most happy to have a chance of serving you in return.
I extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor.
Yours faithfully,
Wang Bing
④ 請求幫助信
Dear Harry,
I expect to leave Shanghai for Nanjing next Monday and intend to stay there for a month or so. You told me you had been there for a long time and knew a lot of people. I, therefore, shall thank you if you will kindly let me have one or two letters of introduction to them as I am an entire stranger in that place.
⑤ 申請信(申請作為研究助理)
Dear Sir,
I’m a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University.
Recently I read that you are hiring an assistant to do research on solar physics. As you can see from my resume (簡歷)，I have had experience in this field. I’m very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is 83745102.
Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
⑥道歉信
[范文]
256 Weeton road
Hong Kong
7 th June, 2000
Dear David,
I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She spent a long time at the doctor’s and she arrived home very late. I am all the way to the bus stop, but I had already missed the bus. And so I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight o’clock. I didn’t think that you would still be there because It was three quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will forgive me.
Anyway, how about next Friday?
Love,
Sue
這類信件一般包括三個部分：1)道歉(apology) 2) 敘述原因或問題(reason/problem) 3)后果及解決辦法(consequence + offer of solution)。
范文是比較典型的致歉信。Sue首先在信的開頭向David 為昨晚未能按時到劇院見他表示道歉。然后敘述昨天未能準時到劇院的原因，結果晚8點才趕到劇院，遲到了45分鐘。Sue 以為David已經走了，沒有見到他，最后一句“How about next Friday?”提出下周五再見面的解決辦法。
