第4講 特殊句式
“Whata beautiful garden！① How beautiful the flowersare?、佟盩he kids shouted.“Canwe go into the garden，MrsGreen？”“Yes.Butdon’t pick or harm the flowers while appreciatingthem②.It was with great patience thatthe gardener grew them.③”“Yes，Mrs Green. Let’sexplore the garden.②”
[規(guī)則感悟]?、贋楦袊@句，結(jié)構(gòu)為What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主語＋謂語)或How＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語。
②為祈使句，結(jié)構(gòu)為Do sth/Don’tdo sth，有時(shí)后面會(huì)跟“and/or＋句子”。
③為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分。
1．感嘆句
(1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！
②What＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！
What lovely children theyare!
他們是多么可愛的孩子??！
(2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語＋謂語！
②How＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語！
③How＋主語＋謂語！
How interesting a storyit is!
＝What an interesting storyit is!
這是多么有趣的一個(gè)故事啊！
2．祈使句
祈使句用來表達(dá)說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般為第二人稱(通常省略)，有時(shí)也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代詞。
祈使句的4種形式：①動(dòng)詞原形(＋賓語)＋其他成分；②Be＋表語(＋其他成分)，如Be honest.；③Let’s/Letus do/not do sth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句(陳述句謂語用一般將來時(shí))。
3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分。該句型可對句子的主語、賓語、狀語等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，且作主語時(shí)，可用who或that，其他情況下一律用that。
It is only by listening to andunderstanding each other that problems between parents and children can besettled.只有通過相互傾聽和理解，父母和孩子之間的問題才能得到解決。
注意：
①強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，that/who之后的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
It is our teacherwho/that helps us make great progress.
是我們的老師幫助我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。
②由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語序。
She doesn’tknow who it was that saved her son.她不知道是誰救了她兒子。
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：
一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
Was it in the park thathe met our new teacher?
他是在公園里遇到我們的新老師的嗎？
When was it that he made up his mind totake this course？他是什么時(shí)候決定修這門課的？
(3)not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。
It was not until yesterday thatI was told that he was ill in hospital.
直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。
(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞
It is/was...who/that...結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞?？捎弥鷦?dòng)詞do，does或did來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中，do還可以用于祈使句。
She did tell meher address，butI forgot all about it.她確實(shí)告訴過我她的地址，但我全忘了。
對點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1．Work hard，and you will make progressin English.
2．What a beautiful picture youare showing to us!
3．It wasn’tuntil 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffeeshop in London.
倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分(多為助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞)置于主語之前，而完全倒裝是把謂語全部放在主語之前。
1．部分倒裝
Never willmy mother go to the amusement park again.① Not only was it dirty①，butit also was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldn’thear my mother.②Only when she shouted atme at the top of her voice could I hear what she was saying.③What’sworse，nosooner had we come out of the park than it began to rain①.Wegot wet.Had we left a bit earlier，we would not have been trapped inthe rain.④ If Mother won’tgo，neitherwill I⑤.Near as it is⑥，Iwon’tchoose to go there again because I am not interested in anything in the park now.
[規(guī)則感悟] ①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，notonly...but (also)．..，nosooner...than...，hardly...when...等含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝。注意：not only置于句首時(shí)，所在的分句要部分倒裝，but also所在的分句不倒裝。②so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中的so，such 連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝，that引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。③“only＋狀語(從句)”置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。
④在含有were/had/should的虛擬條件句中可以省略if，將were/had/should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。⑤表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor＋助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語”(so表示肯定意義，neither/nor表示否定意義)。⑥在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句的表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形要位于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
2．全部倒裝
On the platformwas a student giving a speech.① In the cornersat a shy boy，Tom.①Then came the boy’s turn.②“Come onto the platform，”said the teacher③.There went the boy.④Seatedin the front were the leaders of the school.⑤ Though his hands weretrembling，hebegan his speech.Such was Tom，a shy boy who was determined to facechallenges.⑥
[規(guī)則感悟]?、俦淼攸c(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。②表示時(shí)間的副詞then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。③直接引語位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。④表示方位的副詞here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。口訣：方位方向加時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)介短直引(提)前。⑤分詞/形容詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語＋be＋主語。⑥such置于句首時(shí)用完全倒裝。
1．在as/though引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則其前不加冠詞。
Child as he was，he finished his task withgreat courage and determination.
盡管他只是一個(gè)孩子，他還是滿懷著決心和勇氣完成了任務(wù)。
2．在全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語只能是名詞而不能是代詞。謂語也只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種形式。
Look！Here comes the bus.
看！汽車來了。
不能說Look！Here comes it.
要說Look！Here it comes.
對點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1．Next door to ours live(live)a black couple，whoseem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
2．Absurd as/thoughit might sound，everyonepresent was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
3．Not until recently did(do)they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
4．Here are(be) somesuggestions，whichI hope will be of benefit to you.
5．Only then did(do)he realize that he had fallen behind.
—You shouldn’tread books while having lunch①. If so②，youwill make the book you read③ dirty.Would you like toput your book aside now?
—I’dlike to④，but the book is so interesting thatI can’ttear myself away from it.
—Do you want to have astomachache?
—No，I hope not⑤.Iwill put it away right now.
[規(guī)則感悟]?、僭趙hile，when，where，asif，if，though，nomatter what，until等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含be動(dòng)詞，而從句主語又與主句主語一致或從句主語是it時(shí)，主語和謂語中的be動(dòng)詞可以一起省略。②if ever如果曾發(fā)生過的話；if busy 如果忙的話；if any如果有的話；if possible如果可能的話；if so如果這樣的話；if not如果不的話；if necessary如果必要的話。③限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom?？梢允÷?。④在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，通常省略該動(dòng)作而保留不定式符號to。⑤英語中還常常用so/not等來代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，so/not多跟在以I’m afraid，Ihope，I think，Iguess，I believe等開頭的答句中。
1．在狀語從句的省略中，若省略，則主語和be動(dòng)詞一起省略，若保留則一起保留。
You can’tbe careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street.
在橫穿繁忙街道的時(shí)候，你再怎么小心也不為過。
2．在狀語從句的省略中，要注意連詞之后的非謂語動(dòng)詞與主句主語之間的關(guān)系。
Though lacking money，his parents managed tosend him to college.
盡管缺錢，他的父母還是設(shè)法讓他去上大學(xué)。
He always keeps silentunless asked.
除非被問到，他總是保持沉默。
3．動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，往往將不定式符號to省略；在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，通常省略該動(dòng)詞而保留不定式符號to。
The driver wanted to parkhis car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
司機(jī)想把車停在路邊，但被警察要求不要停。
注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式是由be或have構(gòu)成時(shí)，to后必須保留be或have。
—Are you fond of classicmusic?
—No，but I used to be.
——你喜歡古典音樂嗎？
——不，但我曾經(jīng)喜歡。
—Have you told Ann abouther failure in the test?
—Yes，but I oughtn’tto have.
——你告訴安她考試不及格的事了嗎？
——告訴了，但我不應(yīng)該那樣做。
對點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1．We finished the task twodays earlier than expected(expect)．
2．—Do you have any idea whatPaul does all day?
—As I know，he spends at least as muchtime playing as he does writing(write)．
3．We all know that，if not carefully dealt(deal)with，the situationwill get worse.
4．He suddenly turned aroundas if to make(make) sure that nobody was following him.
1．Of the nineteen recognizedpolar bear subpopulations，threeare declining，sixare(be) stable，oneis increasing，andnine lack enough data.(2019·全國Ⅰ)
2．It was only when the carpulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
(2018·天津6月)
層級一 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練
單句語法填空
1．Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ that getsyou promoted.
2．Sitting(sit) in the first rowis my head teacher，whowill deliver a speech on the stage.
3．Although warned(warn)several times，theboy still went swimming in the river.
4．Present at the party lastnight were(be) Mr Green and many other guests.
5．—What did she want to know，Tom?
—She wondered when it wasthat we could complete the experiment.
6．Some of you may have finishedthe text.If so，youcan go on to the next.
層級二 高考真題練
單句語法填空
1．It was when I got backto my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
(2017·天津6月)
2．Were(be) it not for the supportof the teachers，thestudent could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江蘇)
3．But like so many otherthings，itis only too much stress that does you harm.(2016·上海)
4．Only when Lily walked intothe office did (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津)
5．Into the complete silenceof the waiting class came(come) the teacher’s sweet voice，“Goodmorning，children.”(2015·湖北)
層級三 語篇提能練
語法填空
Disha Florencenever thought she would become a web novel writer.The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a wayto free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman,1.______ wish she has hadsince she was 8.It was then 2. she observed that being a girl meant she couldn’tplay in the park like boys，andthat she needed to learn to do housework.
As she grewup，she realizedthat 3. experienceand knowledge，it’simpossible to be free.Therefore，while 4. (continue) her study，F(xiàn)lorenceworked as a volunteer，goingto places and meeting people with or without her parents’5. (permit). Her father told her，“Youneed to make your own money to do as you wish.” Florence found this advice6._______(logic)，butdidn’tknow what to do.
At 22，she noticed on the Chinesereading app Webnovel that the website was hiring authors who 7. (say) to be able to make much money.
Without thinking 8. (far)，F(xiàn)lorencestarted writing and became a professional web novelist.9. (inspire) by popular Chinese “CEO novels”on the app，F(xiàn)lorencewrote her first book.This story about self-respect and self-love，10. characters are Chinese，is set in Europe.
Now Florencehas about 164,200 readers on Webnovel and is working on another two books.
語篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了孟加拉國網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家Disha Florence在成長過程中追求自我價(jià)值，并在中國的閱讀應(yīng)用程序上創(chuàng)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)小說獲得成功的故事。
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠詞。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞，表泛指，此處的“awish”是前面提到的“從對女性的約束中解放出來”的解釋。故填a。
2．答案 that
解析 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。分析句子可知，此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞then。故填that。
3．答案 without
解析 考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填介詞without，意為“沒有，缺乏”。故填without。
4．答案 continuing
解析 考查狀語從句的省略。設(shè)空處在連詞while之后，且continue與邏輯主語Florence之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，句子補(bǔ)充完整為：while she was continuing her study。故填continuing。
5．答案 permission
解析 考查名詞。設(shè)空處在her parents’之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式，with/without one’spermission意為“經(jīng)/未經(jīng)某人允許”。故填permission。
6．答案 logical
解析 考查形容詞。此處為“find＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，補(bǔ)足語可用形容詞，logic的形容詞為logical，意為“合情合理的，合乎邏輯的”。故填logical。
7．答案 weresaid
解析 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處為be said to do結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)主句中的noticed，可知此處也用一般過去時(shí)；say與邏輯主語authors為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語authors為復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用were。故填were said。
8．答案 further
解析 考查副詞。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用far的比較級further，意為“更遠(yuǎn)地，進(jìn)一步”，作think的狀語。故填further。
9．答案 Inspired
解析 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，inspire與邏輯主語Florence之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞；設(shè)空處在句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填I(lǐng)nspired。
10．答案 whose
解析 考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為This story，先行詞與characters為所屬關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。
1．感嘆句
(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)在英語節(jié)目“Talkand Talk”中與你交流對我們來說是多么有意義的經(jīng)歷??！
What a meaningful experienceit isfor us to communicate with you in the English programme “Talkand Talk”！
(2021·浙江6月)這是一場多么精彩的中國畫展?。?div style="height:15px;">
