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More than 3,000 years ago in Egypt, a tabby called Nedjem is thought to have roamed the royal household of Thutmose III. 

3000多年前的埃及，據(jù)說，一只名叫內(nèi)杰姆的虎斑貓?jiān)趫D特摩斯三世的王室中游蕩。

History doesn’t record whether Nedjem — whose name means 'sweet’ or 'pleasant’ — learnt to respond when called. 

歷史并沒有記錄下內(nèi)杰姆——他的名字的意思是“甜蜜的”或者“令人愉快的”——是否學(xué)會(huì)了回應(yīng)別人的呼喚。

But a study published on 4 April in Scientific Reports1 suggests that at least some modern housecats can distinguish their names from similar-sounding words, although they register recognition with the merest twitch of the head or ear.

但4月4日發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，至少一些現(xiàn)代家貓能從發(fā)音相似的詞中分辨出自己的名字，盡管它們的識(shí)別過程中只需要輕微的搖頭或抽動(dòng)耳朵就算數(shù)。

“Cats are just as good as dogs at learning — they're just not as keen to show their owners what they've learnt,” says John Bradshaw, a biologist at the University of Bristol, UK, who specializes in human–animal interactions.

英國(guó)布里斯托爾大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家約翰·布拉德肖專門研究人和動(dòng)物之間的互動(dòng)，說道，“貓和狗一樣善于學(xué)習(xí)，只是它們不太愿意向主人展示自己學(xué)到了什么”。

The study took advantage of a technique known as 'habituation–dishabituation’, commonly used in animal-behaviour studies. 

這項(xiàng)研究利用了一種被稱為“習(xí)慣-反習(xí)慣”的技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)通常用于動(dòng)物行為研究。

Atsuko Saito, a cognitive biologist at the University of Tokyo, and her colleagues visited 11 households with pet cats (Felis catus) and asked the owner to read a list of four nouns to their pet.

東京大學(xué)的認(rèn)知生物學(xué)家齊藤?gòu)V子和她的同事走訪了11戶養(yǎng)有寵物貓的家庭，要求主人給他們的寵物讀一份由四個(gè)名詞組成的清單。

 These words were of the same length and rhythm as the cat's name.

這些詞和貓的名字有一樣的長(zhǎng)度和韻律。

Most cats showed subtle signs that they were paying attention at first, by moving their head or ears. 

大多數(shù)貓通過移動(dòng)它們的頭或耳朵，顯示出它們開始注意的微妙跡象。

But by the fourth word, many had essentially stopped listening and their physical response was less pronounced. 

但到第四個(gè)單詞時(shí)，許多貓基本上已經(jīng)不再聽了，它們的身體反應(yīng)也不那么明顯了。

When their owners uttered a fifth word — the cat’s name — Saito’s team watched closely to see whether the pet displayed a stronger physical response than it had to the previous word.

當(dāng)它們的主人說出第五個(gè)單詞——貓的名字時(shí)，齋藤博士的研究小組仔細(xì)觀察這只貓是否表現(xiàn)出比前一個(gè)單詞更強(qiáng)的身體反應(yīng)。

The team found that 9 of the 11 cats showed a statistically significant (albeit subtle) heightening of their response when they heard their names. 

研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，11只貓中有9只在聽到自己的名字時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上顯著的(盡管是細(xì)微的)反應(yīng)增強(qiáng)。

That alone does not prove that the felines recognized their monikers: a cat might have shown a stronger response to its name because that word was more familiar than others used in the test.

單憑這一點(diǎn)并不能證明貓科動(dòng)物能認(rèn)出自己的名字:一只貓可能對(duì)自己的名字有更強(qiáng)的反應(yīng)，是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞在測(cè)試中比其他詞貓更熟悉罷了。

To explore this possibility, Saito’s team repeated the experiment in four households that each contained five or more cats.

為了探索這種可能性，齋藤的團(tuán)隊(duì)在四個(gè)家庭中重復(fù)了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，其中每個(gè)家庭都有5只或更多的貓。

 This time, the first four words each cat heard were the names of its co-habiting felines; the fifth was the cat’s own name. 

這一次，每只貓聽到的頭四個(gè)單詞是它的同居貓的名字;第五個(gè)是貓自己的名字。

Just 6 of the 24 cats showed a gradual reduction in their physical response as the list of names was read out.

在24只貓中，只有6只貓的身體反應(yīng)隨著名字被讀出而逐漸減弱。

This might indicate that most cats in multi-cat households attach meaning, and the possibility of a reward, to any familiar name, and so remain alert.

這可能表明，在多貓家庭中，大多數(shù)貓對(duì)任何熟悉的名字都賦予了意義和可能的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，因此保持警惕。

 But all six of the cats that stopped paying attention during the roll call showed a significantly stronger response to their own name, suggesting that at least some cats discriminate their moniker from others.

但在點(diǎn)名時(shí)不集中注意力的6只貓對(duì)自己的名字的反應(yīng)都明顯更強(qiáng)，這表明至少有一些貓會(huì)把自己的名字和其他貓區(qū)別開來。

In a follow-up experiment in a 'cat cafe,' where customers watch and play with cats, 3 of 9 animals showed a heightened response to their own name.

在一家“貓咪咖啡館”進(jìn)行的后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，9只貓中有3只對(duì)自己的名字反應(yīng)更強(qiáng)烈。

“I think the sum total of results across the studies provides compelling evidence that the cats’ names are of special significance to them,” says Jennifer Vonk, a cognitive psychologist at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan.

“我認(rèn)為所有研究結(jié)果的總和提供了令人信服的證據(jù)，證明貓的名字對(duì)它們有特殊的意義”，密歇根州羅切斯特市奧克蘭大學(xué)的認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家詹妮弗.馮克說道。

But Bradshaw stresses that the study doesn’t suggest that cats actually understand human language. 

但布拉德肖強(qiáng)調(diào)，這項(xiàng)研究并不表明貓真的能聽懂人類的語(yǔ)言。

What it shows is that cats can discriminate between sound cues.

這表明貓能夠辨別聲音線索。

 “It’s a giant step from there to language, which would have to include grammar and syntax,” he says.

他說:“這是向語(yǔ)言邁出的一大步，而語(yǔ)言其中必須包括語(yǔ)法和句法。

Some cat owners might be sceptical that their pet shows any ability to recognize its name. 

一些貓主人可能會(huì)懷疑他們的寵物是否有能力認(rèn)出它的名字。

And not all cats in the study did so, while even those that did registered their recognition in ways that are easy to miss.

研究中并不是所有的貓都能識(shí)別，即使是那些能識(shí)別的貓，它們的識(shí)別方式也很容易被忽略。

Owners “should not be disappointed in their cats if they don’t respond as hoped”, says Dennis Turner, director of the Institute for Applied Ethology and Animal Psychology in Horgen, Switzerland.

瑞士霍根應(yīng)用動(dòng)物行為學(xué)和動(dòng)物心理學(xué)研究所所長(zhǎng)丹尼斯·特納說:“如果貓的反應(yīng)不像人們希望的那樣，主人們不應(yīng)該對(duì)貓感到失望?！?/p>

Vonk, who owns several cats, often debates with her husband whether their pets know their own names. 

馮克自己也養(yǎng)了幾只貓，她經(jīng)常和丈夫爭(zhēng)論他們的寵物是否知道自己的名字。

Turner says that both of his two cats seem as likely to respond to the other’s name as their own — particularly at feeding time.

特納說，他的兩只貓似乎對(duì)對(duì)方的名字和自己的名字一樣有反應(yīng)，尤其是在喂食的時(shí)候。

Even Saito has had mixed results when it comes to calling her cat, Okara, by his name. “I think he has the ability to recognize his name,” she says.

甚至當(dāng)叫她的貓奧卡拉的時(shí)候，齊藤也遇到過不同的結(jié)果，“我認(rèn)為他有能力認(rèn)出自己的名字，”她說。

 “But whether he responds to it or not depends on situations and his feelings.”

“但他是否會(huì)做出反應(yīng)，取決于當(dāng)時(shí)的情況和他的感受?！?/p>