第三節(jié)課
Reason 2 it's about happiness is not just a negation of unhappiness
1.happiness don't spontanesously emerge once the painful experiences go away.
2.Posivieve psychology essentially focuses on the health model,Salutogenesis.What is the source of health physical,psychological,emotional?
3.注重自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多于注重自己的缺點(diǎn)的更加成功
Reason 3: postive psychology alse help us deal with the negative.what health model does is cultivate capacity
1.we are ill because we do not cultivate what we are about enough.We do not become self-actualized,we don't do what we are supposed to do.we diminish ourselves and that's when we become ill

The five basis premise of this course:
1.this course is about bridge building,bridge building among disciplines,eclectic,and bridge building in terms of academia and Main street
2.we start to look and find how it is possible about change,techniques methods and tools
3.the premise related to the first internal factors primarily determine happiness this is what I'm going to argue for is opposed to happiness which is primarily function of external circumstances
4.Human nature needs to be obeyed with all its flaws,with all its shortcomings as opposed to attemping to perfect it on the psychological level
5.happiness is also a moral pursue

The erroer of average對(duì)雙胞胎嬰兒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分的嬰兒都很相似，所以說平均很相似，但是也有少數(shù)的異常值.but there are also outliers,and often the outliers the differences that are the most interesting.the question is no longer the change is possible but how the change is possible
One significant idea:Let's study what works
Second significant idea:The " growing-tip" statistics let's study what works best 平均數(shù)研究的悲哀
If we want to know how fast a human being can run, then it is no use to average out the speed of a ‘good sample’ of the population; it is far better to collect Olympic gold medal winners and see how well they can do. If we want to know the possibilities for spiritual growth, value growth, or moral development in human beings, then I maintain that we can learn most by studying our most moral, ethical, or saintly people. On the whole I think it is fair to say that human history is a record of the ways in which human nature has been sold short. The highest possibilities of human nature have practically always been underrated.... Certainly it seems more and more clear that what we call ‘normal’ in psychology is really a psychopathology of the average, so undramatic and so widely spread that we don’t even notice it ordinarily.”

第四節(jié)課
1.human networks as exponential
the power of one
All history is a record of the power of minorities, and of minorities of one.
2.extreme circumstances make very little difference to our wellbeing.
3.about happiness level
income matters little when basic need is enough
no change across generations
Place of residence irrelevant
4.The problem is not lower these high expectations that doesn't matter the problem is right versus wrong expectations.The right expectation is to believe in change from within.In fact,our readiness and potential to experience

Premise 3: internal factors vs external factors
happiness is mostly depended on our state of mind.It's about changing our perception--state of mind.It's about changing our interpretation of the world of what's happening to us,of our achievements,of our failures.It's about what we choose to perceive what we choose to focus on.It's about transformation as opposed to the external information or the external success.

Premise 4:the constrained nature
First understand it,make the best use of it
Permission to be human
God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can change, and the wisdom to know the difference.”
1.when we suppress a natural phenomenon,that phenomenon only strenghthens.
2.painful emotions are as much as part of human nature as the law of gravity is part of physical nature
Permission to be human relates primarily to our affect,to our emotions.that does not mean we need to accept our behavior and our cognition.

第五節(jié)課
筆記
premise 5
1.what happens when we experience negative emotions is that our consciousness our thinking narrows and constricts.we focus just one thing
2.equating to selfishness and imorality is the N0.1
Cause of unhappiness subconsciously mostly,but not only because people feel guilty about pursuing their own happiness.people feel guilty at times feeling good about themselves.
Happiness is a positive sum game.
3.be the change you want to see in the world.
People mostly do what you do,rather than what you say.

Belief as self-fulfilling prophecies.
Pygmalion(皮格馬翁)效應(yīng)
We create reality.
"Asch conformity experiment" "the obedience to authority"
The question is how do we create positive situation.
本周任務(wù)：多做5件好事
第六章
筆記
How to create positive situation
1.have pictures of people you love or places you love
2.pleasant objects(memorabilia.flowers,etc)
3.quotes
4.books,films,music\
5.positive research




屏幕剪輯的捕獲時(shí)間: 2011-2-12 12:45


1.two things impact by brief:motivation and the notion of consistency and congruence.
We all have schema in our heart.
When the inside world and the outside word don't consist .we often do everytihing that we can to get the two on par again.there are several ways we can create the consistency again.
(1) update schema
(2)ignore or discard external imformation
(3)actively seek confirmation
(4) create new reality

Interpretation:objective interpretation;subjective interpretaion.
The most successful people in history is also very often the people who had failed the most times.
I failed my way to success--Thomas Edison
Passimist are realistic in terms of their short term goals as well as their long term goals
Optimists are unrealistic when it comes to their short term goals,but are realistic when it comes to their long term goals.

How to distinguish realistic optimism and unrealistic optimism
斯托克代爾悖論(The Stockdale Paradox)
斯托克代爾悖論的要點(diǎn)：對(duì)前途充滿信心，但又直面殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)。
堅(jiān)持你一定會(huì)成功的信念，同時(shí)，要面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中最殘忍的事實(shí)，不論有多大的困難，不論它們是什么。
The secret of success
Optimism passion and hard work

Base level of happiness.
To raise self-esteem and that is to cope as opposed to avoid.

好棒 啊

Mark!!!

第七節(jié)課
1.optimism as an interpretation style,not as a pollyannaish feel-good kind of approach.
There are three techniques to improve optimsim.
(1)take action,just do it.to put ourselves on the line.
(2)the power of imagination.imagine success.
Visualize the journey as well as the destination
(3)cognitive therapy
• thoughts drive emotion
• restoring rationality/realism
• Highly effective
• An acquired skill
A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.”
2.what cognitive therapy says is that if we want to change emotions,whether it's of depression,whether it's of anxiety,where we need to intervene is here,is that the level of evaluation and the level of thought.
3.where do I distort the reality
3M essentially the 3 traps of irrational thoughts.
(1)The first one is magnifying.
a.permanent and pervasive(over-generalizing)
b.all-or-nothing thinking
(2)minimizing.
a.tunnel vision
b.dismissal of positive or negative
(3)making up or fabrcating the 3rd M
a.personalization or blame
b.emotional reasoning
4.the key is to get real.how do we get real through the questions that we ask?
(1)is my conclusion tied to reality?
(2)is it rational?and I ignoring something important?
(3)what important evidence do I stil need to take into consideration
(4)what am I magnifying?
(5)what am I minimizing?
(6)am I ignoring anything that is going well?
(7)am I ignoring anything that is not going well?
(8)what is the big picture?

Focus
1.fault-finder and benefit-finder
Fault-finder:a person who always focus on things that don't work
The fault-finder could lead to resignation
The benefit-finder could lead to detachment

第八節(jié)課
1.appreciating is important.
When we appreciate the good,the good appreciates.when we don't appreciate something,the good depreciates.
2.Another reason in addition to media why we tend to ignore the good and focus mostly on the bad is that we adapt.we adapt to what is common and what drives us,what's interesting to us is the uncommon.the exception rather than the rule.and because there is so much more good in the world,we adapt to it.why? Because nature create us such that we are changed detecters.we are changed detecters.and whenever there is a change,our mind immediately goes to that change.we adapt and that's a good thing.That's an important thing.Because God help us all if we hadn't.there is another side though to that equation.there is another side.when we adapt,we also take things for granted.
3.the key when we do gratitude exercise that is to maintain freshness.The first thing is introduce the variety.you can write about different aspects of these things.second, Ellen Langer talks about mindfulness.she defines mindfulness as creating novel distinctions.It's similar to creating variaty.looking at the things that I haven't seen before.the third method is visualizing it.
怎樣讓感恩成為我們的第二天性？每天找到一二件事，有意地專注于這些事上。感激之心能量度我們活得多充實(shí)。

第九節(jié)課
1.arts plays a important role
the key to doing gratitude and not taking this exercise for granted is by maintaining freshness through if you want to do it once a week,it's better to do it once a week mindfully than doing it every day and taking it for granted.
2.sitting down and thinking.what am I grateful for?what did she or he do for me that has contributed so much to my life,to who I am today?
Don't take that for granted.Don't take for granted that they know how grateful you are.
3.analyzing vs replaying
the research shows that when we write and talk about negative experiences,it makes us feel better and healthier,whereas when we just think about it ,ruminate it,whereas the exact opposite is the case with positive emotions.
When we analyze a positive experience,really analyze it,it actually doesn't help.however when we just ruminate about the positive experience,just think about it,then it contributes to our well-being.
4.the gratitude exercise is about replaying the experience.It's exactly that.In other words,it's thinking about our happiest experiences of the day which leads ultimately to positive outcome.
5.how helpful it is to share with friends,with family,with a therapist ,with a journal,in writing.you know the most effective internentions both for positive as well as negative experiences.one we analyze;the other,we simply replay.
6.where the moral is also the practical,the practical,in most cases,is also the moral
7.gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues,but the parent of all others.
If we are not grateful,then we take things for granted,if we are not grateful for,the good things in our lives,things are taken for granted.and then we are blind to them.then as far as we are concerned ,they do not exist.now what makes virtue virtuous?it's the good.and if there is no good in our world,then takes away the virtue from being virtuous.

Change(51:25)
1.neuroplasiticity:established neural pathway attracts more action and it attracts more action and get thicker.something that's not established,a tiny little stream is more likely to be just wiped away.
The anatomy of change
• Neuroplasticity
• Neural pathways(channels)
• Self-reinforcing
• Habits as fortified pathways
2.it takes time to change.

第十節(jié)課
1.do I, do you really want to change? And it's not a trivial question. It is not a rhetorical question because very often on the conscious level we may be saying yes, but on the subconscious level something is stopping usAnd the key if we wanna overcome this fear of failure or the worry/anxiety, or the guilt, or the slack of happiness, or getting a better understanding of these characteristics.And you don't need do. The baby can stay, the bath water can go if we have a more nuance understanding of what it is we want to change.
在這里被列出來的所有的品質(zhì)都是可以被拆開來的，只是關(guān)鍵在于度的理解
Why do people not let go of fault-finding? Why do they remain pessimistic? Because they connect it with the sense of realism.
Happiness. One of the most significant barrier to people's happiness is that they associate happiness with slacking off, because the dominant paradigm.
2.gradual change: mindfulness meditation
—In order to change a habit, in order to
(1)bring about lasting change, we need to have as much of a solid approach as
much…um…force in the intervention. It's not just enough to focus on the emotions.
It's not just enough to focus on action. It's not enough just to focus on our thinking.
We want to focus on the three—the A, the B, and the C.
(2)50%是遺傳，10%是外部環(huán)境，40%是意向活動(dòng)
(3)對(duì)于專注力的培養(yǎng)可以引領(lǐng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)身心舒緩，自身寧靜和洞察力的最高神的境界，而通向這個(gè)境界的路徑恰恰在于你自身，這就是專注力的奇妙之處
一天二十分鐘或者三十分鐘的日常冥想，終身練習(xí)
3.things don't happen for the best, but some people are able to make the best of things that happen. Post-traumatic growth, it happens when people begin to focus on the benefit.
4.高峰體驗(yàn)：
高峰體驗(yàn)也許跟創(chuàng)傷帶來的影響是同等的，也許它一種喜悅式的休克療法，能夠帶來超越體驗(yàn)本身的效果，就好像創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙一樣。
（1）如何增加高峰體驗(yàn)
• Permission to be human.Because if we don't accept painful emotions, if we don't give ourselves permission to be human, we're blocking our emotional pathways. And positive emotions and painful emotions often flow through the same emotional pathways. And when we're limiting one, we're very often limiting the other. So if we open up the pathways, give ourselves the permission to be human and give ourselves the permission to cry when we're sad or ecstatic. That very often opens up, makes it more likely that we experience positive emotions as well, paradoxical, but this is the paradox of the permission to be human.
• 專注力
• 制定一個(gè)有意義的目標(biāo)，當(dāng)我們有所追求，做自己愛做的、有意義、重要的事情，我們更容易獲得高峰體驗(yàn)
• 我們當(dāng)今文化中最嚴(yán)重的問題--時(shí)間。當(dāng)我們匆匆忙忙趕時(shí)間，倍感壓力和焦慮的時(shí)候，我們很難獲得高峰體驗(yàn)
（2）有了高峰體驗(yàn)后應(yīng)該如何增加獲得高峰體驗(yàn)后通路的可能性？
• 重演畫面
• 可以將經(jīng)歷記錄下來，當(dāng)我們記錄這種體驗(yàn)的時(shí)候--只是描述，而不是分析，正面的情緒和經(jīng)歷不適合被分析
• 采取行動(dòng)，如果不采取行動(dòng)，那么只能獲得短暫的高峰體驗(yàn)，馬上又會(huì)回到原來的基線。態(tài)度影響行為，行為影響態(tài)度。課堂改變了你對(duì)某件事的態(tài)度，如果因此你的態(tài)度變得與行為不符，下課之后你的大腦尋求一致性，態(tài)度會(huì)被拉回原來的狀態(tài)，除非你改變自己的行為。
認(rèn)知距離：產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)閮煞N憲法之間不一致，兩種信念相沖突，或者說行為和信念相沖突，我們不愿看到這種情況，我們想要一一致，認(rèn)知距離理論是講這種沖突必須要被消解，我們消解它的辦法就是讓我們的態(tài)度、自我的想法和信念盡量符合我們的行為。
5.有時(shí)你的歡樂是微笑的源泉，有時(shí)你的微笑也可以成為你歡樂的源泉
身體/臉部回饋假說：信息最終會(huì)回到你這里，通過別人對(duì)你的觀感，通過你的自我認(rèn)知
6.fate it till we make it vs permission to be human
這里的區(qū)別就在于積極接受。我仍然接受我的情緒，接受我的痛苦并感受它，同時(shí)選擇最適當(dāng)?shù)淖顚?duì)自己有意的方式去面對(duì)。

第十一節(jié)課
1.fake it till we make it.
2.those who deeds exceed their wisdom.their wisdom shall endure.but those whose wisdom exceeds their deeds,their wisdom shall not endure
那些行為超過其智慧的人，他們的智慧將會(huì)持久，但那些智慧超越其行為的人他們的智慧無法持久。
Because we first make our habits,and then our habits make us.and if we are before the workshop or class here,and then our attitude changes but our behavior doesn't,our attitude will be pulled down over time by our habits.so it's only,if we also change our habits over time,if we start doing things,if we,for example put ourselves on the line-cope or if we start doing the gratitude exercise or writing letters on the regular basis,or starting physical exercise And that's when we start doing these things right after the change is going to be ephemeral.we are going to go back to where we were before.
lasting,permanent change,attitude change has to be matched by deeds,by behavior.
3.to change the course of your life,choose one of two basic methods.one,you can direct your energy and attention toward trying to fix your mind,find your focus,affirm your power,free your emotions and visualize positive outcomes so that you can finally develop the confidence to display the courage to discover the determination to make the commitment to feel sufficiently motivated to do what it is you need to do.two,or you can just do it.
4.generally,if you want to change,the healthy approach to change would be along the stretch zone.
5.自律不可能再獲得.changing your focus from self-discipline to rituals.
We all have limited amount of self-discipline.And the question is what do we used it on.
6.it takes 30 days to create a ritual.
The key is to give yourself no more than one or two rituals each 30 days.
7.the interpretation of a physical symptom determines what we will feel.
8.How we frame it can make all the difference.
我們?nèi)绾伪硎鰶Q定了所有區(qū)別
9.primiarily if we want long-term.successful.thriving,passionate relationship,the first objective,the primary objective is to go into relationship to be known,rather than to be validated.
Any relationship,when we go in with the intention of being known of expression rather than impressing,we can feel so much lighter.and the wonderful thing is that it also makes the relationship so much healthier.
10.the eureka 頓悟
The first stage:preparation
The second stage:incubation after you immerse yourself in an area,you do nothing.you just allow it to marinate.
The third stage:evaluation

第十二章
1.a simple technique-journaling that has remarkable,remarkable consequence.
2.快樂和消極的情緒來自于同一個(gè)管道，當(dāng)我們抑制消極情緒的時(shí)候，同樣也抑制了快樂情緒。當(dāng)我們釋放消極情緒的時(shí)候，也會(huì)同樣也釋放了快樂情緒。
男性比女性從婚姻和戀愛的關(guān)系中收獲更多。
3重現(xiàn)幸福時(shí)光會(huì)讓你感覺到快樂，但是如果是分析幸福時(shí)光則會(huì)讓你感覺到不快樂。
4.we want to feel that our lives have a sense of coherence that we can make sense of them.so if we can create coherence out of experience,we will feel better.
The happy people have sense of coherence about their lives.what that means is that,it has three components that he researched and identified.the first component:sense of comprehensibility-I understand the world.It makes sense to me.I see.I realize.I get it.the world and event,difficulties and hardships,highs and lows make sense to me mostly.second,sense of manageability.I can deal with it.i can handle with it.i have the internal as well as external resources to deal with it as opposed to being helpless.this is a sense of efficacy,of confidence being able to deal with the hardships that arise.the third and the final component that makes up the sense of conherece is a sense of meaningfulness.this was not in vain this difficulty(苦難的出現(xiàn)不是毫無意義的）this disagreement with my partenr was not for nothing.because we understand one another better now.this failure is not in vain.i have learned from it.and I have grown from it.this mistake has reason-
5.if we really want to change.ABC both needs

Goal setting
1.words create worlds.
We know that attainment of goals does not lead to happiness.what does lead to happiness?understanding the proper role of goals.and understanding it's not the attaining of a goal that leads to happiness but the having of a goal that leads to happiness.
2.Goals properly understood their role is to liberate us to enjoy the present.
We need that goal--this outcome,this future orientation so we can enjoy the present more.the goals liberate us to enjoy the here and now.the goal is a mean
Goals are means toward the present end
It's the having the goals,having that commitment that matters.you can be as happy in both paths as long as you are committed.because when we are committed,that's when we can enjoy the journey.doesn't matter as much what it is that we are committed to.
It's to do things that you care about deeply from within.in other words,these are things that you want to do or that you feel,that you perceive that you want to do,rather than things that you have to do.

第十三課
self-concordance
1.too easy is not necessarily good.people will be more happier when they have choice.
Values in action 行為價(jià)值學(xué)
Values in action focus on journey,
2.if we have a self-concordant end and a self-concordant journey,this is what happiness is.both present benefit(journey) as well as future benefit(outcome)
3.when we engage in those strenghts,our personal strengths,that's when we grow the most ,that's when we develop the most.that's we learn the most.
4.ask yourself:when does it feel the real me?Again,it's when I apply myself and work hard?is it when I go again the grain and act bravely?is it when I feel the most real the most alive?is it when I learn something new? Is it when I go to a museum?is it when I pray? Is it when I'm around people who are funny?
5.Building capacity
The first step is to identify your character strengths.
Two sub-steps:take the questionnaire,to take the test.and find which five meet criteria. Namely which are the real me?or which ones,when I'm engaging them I feel more energized and motivated?or which ones do I grow and develop most from?and from these 8 to 12 strengths,identify 4 to 6 that most fulfill these strengths criteria. And then choose any one of the character strengths from your final list and apply it. Meaning everyday for the following 7 days-and again, apply these character strengths. After 7 days apply another strength or the same character
strength in a different way. each night describe how you use your strength on that day. And then commit to the next day. What are you going to do tomorrow? Why ?
Use the strength and then applied it to what had been a weakness of mine.
6.instead of focusing on what we can live with, we should be thinking about what we can’t live without.
7.tips to setting goals
(1) writing them down.
(2)set lifelines 制定最早期限
(3) make them specific.
8.they particularly set rituals for both work and for recovery.
Have 60 to 120 minutes, so around 90 minutes of sprint work concentrate focus hard go for it. And then after that, after you sprint, with as little distraction as possible, have 15 minutes or so of recovery. The key when doing it is maintain flexibility. The key is to attain multi-level recovery. First recovery: on the micro level. 15 minutes meditation, one hour of gym, whatever it is, a lunch break. Middle: mezo level recovery and that is a good night sleep. And finally, those vacations.