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servlet3.0+規(guī)范后，允許servlet，filter，listener不必聲明在web.xml中，而是以硬編碼的方式存在，實(shí)現(xiàn)容器的零配置。ServletContainerInitializer：?jiǎn)?dòng)容器時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)加載相關(guān)配置Java代碼package javax.servlet;import java.util.Set;public interface ServletContainerInitializer {public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> c, ServletContext ctx)throws ServletException;}容器啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)自動(dòng)掃描當(dāng)前服務(wù)中ServletContainerInitializer的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)，并調(diào)用其onStartup方法，其參數(shù)Set<Class<?>> c，可通過(guò)在實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)上聲明注解javax.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes(xxx.class)注解自動(dòng)注入，@HandlesTypes會(huì)自動(dòng)掃描項(xiàng)目中所有的xxx.class的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)，并將其全部注入Set。Spring為其提供了一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)：SpringServletContainerInitializerJava代碼package org.springframework.web;import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.List;import java.util.ServiceLoader;import java.util.Set;import javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer;import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes;import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {@Overridepublic void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)throws ServletException {List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<WebApplicationInitializer>();if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {try {initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) waiClass.newInstance());}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);}}}}if (initializers.isEmpty()) {servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");return;}AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);servletContext.log("Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: " + initializers);for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {initializer.onStartup(servletContext);}}}從中可以看出，WebApplicationInitializer才是我們需要關(guān)心的接口，我們只需要將相應(yīng)的servlet，filter，listener等硬編碼到該接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)中即可。比如：xml配置：Xml代碼<!-- Log4jConfigListener --><context-param><param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:config/properties/log4j.properties</param-value></context-param><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class></listener><!-- OpenSessionInViewFilter --><filter><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- DemoServlet --><servlet><servlet-name>demoServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>web.function.servlet.DemoServlet</servlet-class><load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>demoServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/demo_servlet</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>編碼配置：Java代碼@Order(1)public class CommonInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer{@Overridepublic void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext)throws ServletException {//Log4jConfigListenerservletContext.setInitParameter("log4jConfigLocation", "classpath:config/properties/log4j.properties");servletContext.addListener(Log4jConfigListener.class);//OpenSessionInViewFilterOpenSessionInViewFilter hibernateSessionInViewFilter = new OpenSessionInViewFilter();FilterRegistration.Dynamic filterRegistration = servletContext.addFilter("hibernateFilter", hibernateSessionInViewFilter);filterRegistration.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST, DispatcherType.FORWARD, DispatcherType.INCLUDE), false, "/");//DemoServletDemoServlet demoServlet = new DemoServlet();ServletRegistration.Dynamic dynamic = servletContext.addServlet("demoServlet", demoServlet);dynamic.setLoadOnStartup(2);dynamic.addMapping("/demo_servlet");}}Spring為我們提供了一些WebApplicationInitializer的抽象類(lèi)，我們只需要繼承并按需修改即可，比如：1）org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer ： SpringSecurity相關(guān)配置xml配置：Xml代碼<listener><listener-class>org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher</listener-class></listener><filter><filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping>編碼配置：Java代碼@Order(2)public class WebAppSecurityInitializer  extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer{//servletContext.addListener("org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher");//session監(jiān)聽(tīng)器@Overrideprotected boolean enableHttpSessionEventPublisher() {return true;}}2）org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer：MVC相關(guān)配置，比如加載spring配置文件，聲明DispatcherServlet等等，參看下面的對(duì)比：xml配置：Xml代碼<context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:config/context/applicationContext-AppConfig.xml,classpath:config/context/applicationContext-SpringSecurityConfig.xml</param-value></context-param><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><filter><filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:config/context/applicationContext-MvcConfig.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>webmvc</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>編碼方式：Java代碼@Order(3)//spring DispatcherServlet的配置,其它servlet和監(jiān)聽(tīng)器等需要額外聲明，用@Order注解設(shè)定啟動(dòng)順序public class WebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {/** DispatcherServlet的映射路徑*/@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {return new String[]{"/"};}/** 應(yīng)用上下文，除web部分*/@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })@Overrideprotected Class[] getRootConfigClasses() {//加載配置文件類(lèi)，這里與上面的xml配置是對(duì)應(yīng)的，需要使用@Configuration注解進(jìn)行標(biāo)注，稍后介紹return new Class[] {AppConfig.class, SpringSecurityConfig.class};}/** web上下文*/@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })@Overrideprotected Class[] getServletConfigClasses() {return new Class[] {MvcConfig.class};}/** 注冊(cè)過(guò)濾器，映射路徑與DispatcherServlet一致，路徑不一致的過(guò)濾器需要注冊(cè)到另外的WebApplicationInitializer中*/@Overrideprotected Filter[] getServletFilters() {CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter};}}SpringMVC4零配置 ：代碼下載SpringMVC4零配置--web.xmlSpringMVC4零配置--應(yīng)用上下文配置【AppConfig】SpringMVC4零配置--SpringSecurity相關(guān)配置【SpringSecurityConfig】SpringMVC4零配置--Web上下文配置【MvcConfig】