要想在職場領(lǐng)先于人或是做一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，溝通技巧是必不可少的法寶。無論你是要向同事做發(fā)表，建立關(guān)系或者銷售產(chǎn)品，強(qiáng)有力的交流技巧都值得去培養(yǎng)。1.他們提前預(yù)演有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的交流者深知，頂級的交際并非偶然事件。例如，已故的斯蒂芬.喬布斯就曾為他的傳奇蘋果產(chǎn)品發(fā)布會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)演。
當(dāng)你有機(jī)會(huì)處于萬眾注矚目下時(shí)，抓住機(jī)會(huì)去練習(xí)。提前去場地踩點(diǎn)兒（大禮堂，會(huì)議室或者其他場地），以便熟悉樓層以及室內(nèi)設(shè)備。
2.練習(xí)表演你講話的速度，節(jié)奏以及風(fēng)格至關(guān)重要。例如，微軟公司的創(chuàng)始人比爾.蓋茨，曾在一次關(guān)于公眾健康的TED演講中釋放蚊子。
這一舉動(dòng)引起了聽眾們的注意，使他們投入到比爾的演講中來。你可以運(yùn)用可見的幫助、重復(fù)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)、調(diào)節(jié)音量等方法來強(qiáng)調(diào)某些重點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而提高交際能力。
3. 適時(shí)主動(dòng)傾聽杰出的交際者深知交際活動(dòng)涉及到講話者和聽眾。因此，在對話中他們尤其注重傾聽技巧。
這些技巧包括保持眼神交流，提問別人有質(zhì)量的問題。例如，前美國總統(tǒng)比爾.克林頓以擅長交際著稱，原因在于它每次只專注于一個(gè)人。
4.向善于交際者學(xué)習(xí)最好的交際者必定是一個(gè)終身學(xué)習(xí)者。學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容包括觀看大型演講，例如TED以及政治運(yùn)動(dòng)的演講。
許多公眾演講者都學(xué)習(xí)過19世紀(jì)林肯的演講，雖簡短卻振奮人心（例如葛底斯堡演講）。當(dāng)你開始自學(xué)時(shí)，不妨讀一讀這本書—《跟著TED學(xué)說話》：這本書介紹了卡曼.蓋洛的TED演講者成功言說的九大秘訣，以及戴爾.卡耐基所著的成功的公眾演講。
5. 參加技巧課程你知道億萬富翁傳奇股神——沃倫.巴菲特十分注重交際技巧嗎？他20來歲時(shí)就參加過戴爾卡內(nèi)基的相關(guān)課程，他認(rèn)為那是他一生最好的投資之一。
在古代，為了成功，律師和政客們都要花費(fèi)數(shù)年學(xué)習(xí)公眾演說的技巧。效仿前人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，投資時(shí)間和金錢來獲得這一技能。
你可以由讀書開始，但是最好的方法是實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練并獲得反饋。
6.他們用身體語言交流那些偉大的傳播者所使用的詞語是非常重要的，可是它們只是交流畫面中的一部分。比如，在聽別人說話時(shí)，你若用手撐著頭，通常意味著你對對方的話題不感興趣。
如今的心理學(xué)報(bào)告指出，將你的手指指向強(qiáng)調(diào)特定的話題會(huì)非常有效。使用你的手、笑容以及身體的其他部位，可以讓你成為一個(gè)更有效的溝通者。
7.他們懂得何時(shí)在交流中使用幽默偉大的交流者善于讓觀眾們開懷大笑。例如，著名的非遺美國作家和政治家布克﹒華盛頓就在他的演講中使用了幽默。
這種方法幫助他在公眾演講中緩解了緊張感，同樣，在20世紀(jì)，Nellie McClung 在加拿大倡導(dǎo)婦女權(quán)時(shí)也用了幽默。
如果你正在尋找具有挑戰(zhàn)性的觀點(diǎn)，那么花些時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí)如何有效地使用幽默。
8 . 他們知道如何適應(yīng)不同的聽眾每個(gè)觀眾都與眾不同，頂級溝通者懂得根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采用不同的溝通方式。如果你的聽眾都是是科學(xué)家和工程師，那么你使用大量的技術(shù)案例并且強(qiáng)調(diào)證據(jù)就能讓人明白。
相比而下，與年幼的孩子交流就需要不同的方法。為了取得最好的效果，在與他們交流之前，你應(yīng)該先花點(diǎn)時(shí)間研究他們。
那些科學(xué)家做的TED演講就是一個(gè)很好例子--如何將一個(gè)復(fù)雜的話題有效地傳達(dá)給普通的聽眾。
9. 他們明白時(shí)機(jī)的重要性善于溝通的人深知時(shí)機(jī)選擇的重要性。比如，一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的體育教練知道什么時(shí)候該發(fā)起一個(gè)令人振奮的、鼓舞人心的演講來提升團(tuán)隊(duì)的士氣。
最好的傳播者也知道快速應(yīng)對危機(jī)的價(jià)值。在20世紀(jì)80年代，強(qiáng)生公司的詹姆斯·伯克就負(fù)責(zé)通過溝通，聯(lián)合應(yīng)對當(dāng)時(shí)的泰勒諾危機(jī)。有時(shí)候，快速的回應(yīng)其實(shí)是最好的應(yīng)對方式。
10. 他們知道如何發(fā)揮其個(gè)性要知道自己在有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和溝通中起著重要作用。如果你是一個(gè)非常善于和人交際的人，那么專注在這個(gè)優(yōu)勢上是非常有意義的。
然而，如果你并不擅長于處理細(xì)節(jié)，不妨效仿下里根總統(tǒng)，可以和一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的研究者和撰稿者組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起工作。事實(shí)上，如果沒有和作家Peggy Noonan合作，里根不可能被稱贊為“最偉大的溝通者”。
頂級傳播者并不需要總是自己寫演講稿，因?yàn)樵谡勁凶郎纤麄兡苣贸銎渌膬?yōu)勢。
11.他們懂得采用不同的交流方式了解現(xiàn)場演講、電視采訪和書面報(bào)告的一些區(qū)別,善于傳播者掌握了。例如,一些傳播者擅長于做專業(yè)文案——通過文字來
一個(gè)偉大的傳播者已經(jīng)掌握了現(xiàn)場演講、電視采訪和書面報(bào)告之間的區(qū)別，這就是他們的某些特質(zhì)。例如，一些傳播者專門從事藝術(shù)文案，即通過文字來傳播理念、銷售產(chǎn)品。
為此，文案專家NevilleMedhora還講解了如何去寫一個(gè)有效的“冷郵件”以及怎樣與潛在客戶和其他重要的人取得聯(lián)系。附：英文原文11 Secrets People Good At Communication Never Told You
BY BRUCE HARPHAM
Communication skills are the ‘secret sauce’ you need to get ahead at work and become a successful leader. Whether you are making a presentation for your co-workers, building a relationship or making a sale, robust communication skills are well worth the effort to develop.
1. They practice important communication before delivery.
Skilled communicators understand that a top notch delivery does not happen by accident. For example, the late Steve Jobs held rehearsals for his legendary Apple product launches.
When all the eyes of the public (or your boss!) are on you, take the time to practice. Visit the presentation location (e.g. the conference room, meeting room or other location) in advance so that you are familiar with the layout and equipment in the room.
2. They practice theatre for important communications.
The speed, tempo and style of your communication plays an important role. For example, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates releases mosquitoes when he gave a TED Talk on public health.
That move caught the attention of the group and helped them to focus on his presentation. Using visual aids, repeating key points and changing your volume to emphasize certain points are ways to use theatre to improve your communication.
3. They know when to use active listening skills.
Great communications understand that communication involves the speaker and the listener. That’s why they practice active listening skills, especially in conversation.
These skills involve maintaining eye contact and asking good questions about the person. For example, former U.S. President Bill Clinton is known as a great communication because he focuses on one person at a time.
Tip: There are several ways you can improve your listening skills, start here: 7 Things Truly Amazing Listeners Do Differently.
4. They study great communicators.
The best communicators are lifelong learners. This includes watching speeches and presentations given at conferences such as TED and at political campaigns.
Many public speakers have studied Lincoln’s 19th century speeches (e.g.The Gettysburg Address) as an examples of brief and powerful communication. To begin this study yourself, consider reading books such as Talk Like TED: The 9 Public-Speaking Secrets of the World’s Top Minds by Carmine Gallo or Public Speaking for Success by Dale Carnegie.
Further Reading: 20 Most Inspiring TED Talks of All Time That You Should Not Miss.
5. They take courses to improve their communication skills.
Did you know that Warren Buffet, the legendary billionaire investor, considers communication skills highly valuable? He took the Dale Carnegie Course in his 20s and considers it one of his best investments.
In the ancient world, lawyers and statesman studied the art of public speaking for years in order to become successful. Take a page from their experience and invest time and money in order to reach this skill.
You can start by reading books, but the best way to improve is to practice and get feedback.
6. They communicate using body language.
The words used by great communicators are important, yet they are only part of the communication picture. For example, resting your head on your hand while listening to someone else speak generally signals a lack of interest.
Psychology Today reports that pointing your finger to emphasize certain topics can be effective. Your hands, your smile and other aspects of your body can help you become a more effective communicator.
Tip: Read Better Body Language in 18 Steps to improve your skills in non-verbal communication.
7. They know when to use humor in communication.
Great communications are skilled at getting a laugh out of an audience. For example, noted African-American author and leader Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) used humor in his speaking.
This approach helped him work through the tension involved in public speaking. Likewise, Nellie McClung (1873-1951) used humor in her advocacy for women’s rights in Canada in the 20th century.
If you are seeking to make a challenging point, take time to learn how to use humor effectively.Resource: Get started by studying the article, Top 10 Ways to Lead More Effectively with Humor.
8. They know how to work with different audiences.
Every audience is different and top notch communicators understand how to customize their communication accordingly. If you are speaking to an audience of scientists and engineers, it makes sense to use a lot of technical examples and emphasize proof.
In contrast, communicating with young children requires a different approach. For the best results, take the time to study your audience before you communicate with them.
TED Talks by scientists are a great example of how complex topics can be communicated to the general public effectively.
9. They understand the importance of good timing.
Good communicators understand timing deeply. For example, a good sports coach knows when to deliver a rousing, inspirational speech to lift the spirits of the team.
The best communicators also know the value of responding quickly to a crisis. James Burke of Johnson & Johnson took charge of communicating the corporate response to the Tylenol crisis in the early 1980s. Sometimes, a swift response is the best response.
10. They know how to use their personality profile
Knowing yourself matters in effective leadership and communication. If you are a person who connects well with people, then it makes sense to focus on that strength.
However, if you are weak in managing details, consider following President Reagan’s examples and working with a strong team of researchers and speechwriters. In fact, Reagan may never have achieved praise as “The Great Communicator” without partnering with writer Peggy Noonan.
Top communicators need not always write their own speeches if they bring other strengths to the table.
11. They know how to use different communication methods
Knowing the difference between a live speech, a TV interview and a written report are some of the distinctions that great communicators have mastered. For example, some communicators have specialized in the art of copywriting – selling ideas and products through words.
Copywriting expert Neville Medhora explains how to write an effective “cold email” and get in touch with potential customers and other important people.
Tip: Keep growing your communication skills in business by reading: 12 Tips for Better Business Writing.
來自智慧媽媽子女教育俱樂部
大米媒體整理制作
