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Move 1 Establishing a Territory（確定研究范圍）

• Step 1 Claiming Centrality 確定中心議題

這一步，作者通常需要展現(xiàn)的是該研究議題是有趣的、相關(guān)的、重要的，值得研究的。

常見(jiàn)的句式包括：

1. Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to….

2. The possibility….has generated interest in ….

3. The well-known…. phenomena…h(huán)as been favorite topics for analysis both in…

4. A central issue in…is the validity of ….

5. Many investigators have recently turned to….

• Step 2 Making topic generalizations 概括主題內(nèi)容

這一步一般有兩種形式：1）對(duì)該議題現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)、做法的陳述；

如：

1. There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that….

2. A standard procedure for assessing has been…

2）對(duì)現(xiàn)象的描述

如：

1. An elaborate system of… is found in the…

2. There are many situations where…. 

• Step 3 Reviewing items of previous research 回顧前期研究成果

這一步作者需要具體地闡述：過(guò)去誰(shuí)（who）在什么時(shí)間（when）發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么（what）。可以想象，這一步會(huì)有大量的in-text citation

如：

• Smith（1989）found….

• It has been suggested that…(Smith,1989)

• Observations by Smith (1989)….

• The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988)

Move 2: Establishing a Niche（確定研究空間）

• Step 1a  Counter-claiming 提出相反意見(jiàn)

如：

1. However, this view is challenged by recent data showing…

2. However, these approaches become increasingly unreliable when…

• Step 1b  Indicating a gap 指出缺口

如：

1. A considerable amount of research has been…but little research…

2. The only reported study to date of…covered a limited range of…

3. The properties of…are still not completely understood.

4. Evidence on this question is presently inconclusive.

• Step 1c  Question-raising 提出問(wèn)題 

如：

1. The question remains…?

2. How much has the seal population actually decreased?

3. However, it is not clear whether the use of…can be modified to….

• Step 1d Continuing a tradition 拓展前人研究

常與邏輯連接詞共同出現(xiàn)，如therefore, hence, consequently及thus.

如：

1. Hence, additional studies of…are needed.

2. It is desirable to carry out surveys of…

Move 2不一定出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)literature review之后，也可能緊跟在每一條separate review之后，這樣的話，Step 1/Move 3 Move 2就會(huì)不斷循環(huán)，直到review完全完成。

Move 3: Occupying the Niche (占據(jù)該研究空間)

• Step 1a  Outlining purposes 概括研究目的

這一步回答的問(wèn)題是 why？為什么要做這個(gè)研究

如：

1. The aim of this paper is to…

2. The purpose here is to document…

• Step 1b Announcing present research 通報(bào)當(dāng)前研究

這一步講的是當(dāng)前的研究是由誰(shuí)、在哪里、何時(shí)、怎么做的？

如：

1. This paper evaluates the effect on….

2. The research focuses on a strategy for….

3. The thesis proposes a formal procedure for…

4. In this paper, we provide a novel approach to…

• Step 2 Announcing principle findings 通報(bào)主要研究結(jié)果

如：

1. This approach provides effective…

2. Our results indicate that this method is effective in… 

• Step 3  Indicating article structure  概述文章結(jié)構(gòu)

如：

1. We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…

2. This paper is structured as follows…

3. The remainder of this paper is divided into 5 sections..