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A new study of mice suggests bacteria may help to cause anxiety and depression in overweight people. 一項(xiàng)針對(duì)老鼠的新研究表明，細(xì)菌可能會(huì)讓超重人群焦慮和抑郁。

The research raises questions about whether changing organisms living inside our bodies or changes in diet could help treat these conditions. 該研究提出了這樣的問題——改變體內(nèi)的微生物或改變飲食是否有助于治療（緊張或抑郁）等疾病。

A 2017 study found that one-third of the world's population is overweight or considered obese. 2017年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，全球三分之一的人口超重或被認(rèn)為肥胖。

When people become obese, this changes the processes by which the body uses food to make energy, build tissue and remove waste material.  當(dāng)人體超重時(shí)，會(huì)改變身體將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量、增加組織以及排泄體內(nèi)廢物的流程。

Left untreated, these changes can lead to diabetes. 如果不加以治療，這些變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致糖尿病。

Diabetes is a serious condition. It affects how your body uses blood sugar.  糖尿病是一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，會(huì)影響人體利用血糖的方式。

Obese people also have higher rates of anxiety and depression than other individuals. 肥胖者也比正常人更容易產(chǎn)生焦慮和抑郁。

Ronald Kahn studies diabetes at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts.  羅納德·卡恩（Ronald Kahn）在馬薩諸塞州的哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院研究糖尿病。

He says researchers have wondered if people suffer from depression because they are obese or because of their metabolism. 他說，研究人員猜想，人們是否會(huì)因?yàn)樯眢w肥胖或新陳代謝患上抑郁癥。

And we asked the question, 'Maybe the metabolic link is at least partly fueled by the microbiome,' Kahn said. 卡恩說：“我們提出了這樣一個(gè)問題‘也許代謝環(huán)節(jié)至少部分受到了微生物菌群的影響’?！?/p>

The microbiome is the community of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms living in your stomach. It changes with your diet.  微生物菌群是指腸胃中的細(xì)菌、真菌及其它微生物群，它會(huì)隨著你的飲食發(fā)生變化。

And Kahn says those changes may affect both body and mind. 卡恩說，這些變化可能會(huì)影響到身體和精神。

To test the theory, he and his research team fed mice a high-fat diet and studied their behavior as the animals became obese. 為了驗(yàn)證這一理論，他與自己的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)喂老鼠吃高脂肪食物，研究老鼠增肥時(shí)的行為。

In one test, they put mice in a box divided into a darkened area on one side and a light area on the other side.  在一次試驗(yàn)中，他們把老鼠放進(jìn)一半明亮、一半黑暗的盒子內(nèi)。

They found that the more nervous, anxious mice liked to spend time on the dark side. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，越緊張、焦慮的老鼠越喜歡呆在黑暗區(qū)域。

And a mouse on a high fat diet will spend more time in the dark than a mouse on a normal... diet will. So, they have more sign of anxiety, Khan said. 卡恩說到：“高脂飲食的老鼠比正常飲食的老鼠呆在黑暗區(qū)域的時(shí)間更久。因此，它們出現(xiàn)焦慮的跡象更多。”

The anxiety went away when the mice were given antibiotic drugs. 當(dāng)給老鼠服用抗生素藥物后，它們的焦慮感消失了。

The researchers said this suggests that the bacteria were helping make the mice nervous. 研究人員表示，這表明細(xì)菌會(huì)使老鼠感到緊張。

The researchers then wanted to see if they could produce the same effect by giving the same bacteria to animals raised in a bacteria-free environment, with no microbes of their own. 隨后，研究人員猜想，將同樣的細(xì)菌植入到在無菌環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)本身并無微生物的動(dòng)物身上，能否產(chǎn)生同樣的效果。

They found that it did. Microbes from obese mice made the bacteria-free mice anxious.  他們發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)如此。肥胖小鼠體內(nèi)的微生物會(huì)讓無菌老鼠感到焦慮。

Microbes from obese mice given antibiotics did not. 而注射過抗生素的肥胖小鼠的微生物則不會(huì)。

It was actually quite a surprise,' Khan said. 'Even though we had seen some effects on metabolism in the rest of the body,  卡恩表示：“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)十分驚人。盡管我們?cè)谏眢w的其它部位看到了一些細(xì)菌對(duì)新陳代謝的影響，

I was very surprised how dramatic and how clear the effects were also on the brain and on behavior. 但令我吃驚的是，它對(duì)大腦和行為的影響也如此地顯著和清晰?！?/p>

A report on the study appears in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. 這項(xiàng)研究的報(bào)告發(fā)表在《分子精神病學(xué)》雜志上。

Kahn noted, however, that the new study does not mean antibiotics are the cure for depression.  然而，卡恩指出，新研究并不意味著抗生素可以治療抑郁癥。

The drug kills both good and bad microbes. Also, drug misuse is making these powerful medicines less effective. 抗生素會(huì)同時(shí)殺死有益和有害的微生物。而且，濫用藥物會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些強(qiáng)效藥的藥效降低。

Another important point, he said, is that what happens in mice does not necessarily happen in humans, or it may only happen for some people. 他指出，還有一個(gè)問題要注意，老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)效果不一定適用于人類，或者只適用于某些人群。

Gregory Simon is a mental health specialist at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Heath Research Institute.  格雷戈里·西蒙（Gregory Simon）是凱薩醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)華盛頓健康研究所的精神健康專家。

He said that it is also important to remember there is much more going on with people than just their microbes. 他說，影響人類的因素很多，不僅僅是微生物，這一點(diǎn)也要謹(jǐn)記在心。

The difficulty is, both of these things, depression and obesity, are complicated things that have multiple, multiple factors influencing them, Simon said. 西蒙說：“關(guān)鍵在于，抑郁癥和肥胖癥的成因十分復(fù)雜，他們受到很多種因素的影響?！?/p>

He says genetics, environment, social influences and our microbes all help shape people and their behavior. 他說，基因、環(huán)境、社會(huì)影響以及自身的微生物都會(huì)對(duì)塑造一個(gè)人和其行為產(chǎn)生影響。

I'm Phil Dierking. 菲爾·迪爾金為您播報(bào)。