現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)
1.構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。
2.用法
（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：
-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.
你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）
（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。 \
如：He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）
I have't seen her for four years.
我有四年沒見到她了。
3．結(jié)構(gòu)
1）． 陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋have( has)（not）+過去分詞＋其它?！?/p>
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.
2）． 一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Have( Has )＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
3）． 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋have(has) +主語+ 過去分詞＋其它？
eg. He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
--Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.
（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever, never, three times等時間狀語。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。
4.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。
c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。
He has been there three times the last few days.
近幾年他去過那里三次了。
d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.
今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去過那里多少次？
（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on
die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be up go out →be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on
open →be open join →be in或 be a member of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know
begin to study→study come to work→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。
We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：
I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）
6.幾點注意事項
（1）have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?#8221;，常用于第三人稱，前者可與on
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有三年了。
（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。
現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)
[Exercises7]A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there on
B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。
Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
John _______ England since he came back.
How long _____ have _____ this village?
The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
I _____ this school since three years ago.
C）選擇填空
( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he?
(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't
( )2.She's never been to England, _______she?
(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is
( )2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.
(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often
( )3.How long ___he______ the library book .
(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy
( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( )5.Mr smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( )6.They_________China for two years
(A)have been to (B)have been in
(c)have gone to (D)have come to
[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
C）選擇填空
( )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years
(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died
( )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years
(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend
( )4.He _____his home for ten years
(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from
( )5.He _____a league member for three years
(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become
( )6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years
(A)joined the army (B)been an army
(C)become a soldier (D)been in the army
( )7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
[Exercises 11] 選擇填空
( )1. ——Have you finished your homework
——Yes, I _______it last night
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish
( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing
——Yes, I ______there last year.
(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Have…been , went
(C)Did…go, went (D)Did…go, has , been
( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York?
——I _________here for two years
(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen
(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen
( )4.when_ you to Beijing?
( )3.He ______finished his homework. yet
(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have
( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train.
——Yes, I have.
(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet
( )2.——Have you finished your homework
——Not__________ .
(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just
( )3. We haven't finished our homework .
(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )4.——Have you__________ learned English?
——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever
( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________?
——Yes, I've _____done that
(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just
( )6.John's father _______borrowed some pictures
(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet
[Exercises4] A）用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
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B）用since和for填空
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
( )1.I've been like this ever since _________
(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week
( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.
(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since
( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.
(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before
( )4.His father joined the party_________
(A)for three years (B)since three years ago
(C)three years ago (D)in two years' time
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1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times.
A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.
A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone
5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.
A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.
A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to
7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to
China?
A. How soon , comes B. How often, got
C. How long , came D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑問句）?
10. They have been here since 2000 . (對劃線部分提問)
__________ have they been here?
11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)
12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改寫句子，句意不變)
This factory _________ for twenty years.
13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）
Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.
14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）
_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.
15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）
現(xiàn)在完成時與中考題
選擇填空。
1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）
A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
2．—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重慶市）
A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone
3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈爾濱市） A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent
4．—Where's Peter？ —He _______ to Nanjing．（沈陽市） A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went
5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北?。?
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you
6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．since C．before D．a(chǎn)fter
7．—I have watched the game． —When you _______ it？（長沙市）
A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch
8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西?。?
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited
9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them on
A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel
10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川?。?
A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living
11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（貴陽市）
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone
12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）
A．a(chǎn)fter B．before C．since D．for
13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（廣西） A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died
14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？ —Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南?。?
A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in
15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．（合肥市）
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
（Key：1—5BBCCB 6—10BCCCC 11—15BCBBD）
