現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)教案
一、引入：-Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn’t.
Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.
Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.
二、定義:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或仍在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或聯(lián)系。
三、 結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+p.p.(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)
接觸一：肯定句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）＋過(guò)去分詞”。如：
① We have just finished our homework．
② She has gone home．
注意：
1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。
2）該句式中have（has）和過(guò)去分詞之間可用just插入。
3）把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過(guò)”或“了”等。
接觸二：否定句式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋過(guò)去分詞”。如：
?、?/span> We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．
⑦ The train hasn't stopped yet．
接觸三：疑問(wèn)句式 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。
?、?/span> Have you read this story book yet？
特殊疑問(wèn)句及反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
?、?/span> What have you done with my bike?
?、?/span> You've read this story book, haven't you?
注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yet。
2）把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，
往往譯成“……過(guò)嗎？”、“已經(jīng)……了嗎？”等。
3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，
否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有時(shí)用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。
四、過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則＋ed）
1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved
3）stopped dropped robbed planned， preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與一些詞、詞組連用 :
1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已經(jīng)） 、
yet（仍、還）、just （剛剛）、before（以前)
2、for +一段時(shí)間 : for two days 有兩天了
3. in the past/last＋一段時(shí)間 : in the past ten years 在剛過(guò)去的十年里
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一段時(shí)間 + ago since 14 years ago: 自從14年前到現(xiàn)在
一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子: since I was born : 自從我出生到現(xiàn)在
already, yet, ever, never, just的用法
Already 肯定句，強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)的意,放句中或句末.
I have already finished my homework.
= I have finished my homework already.
yet 否定句、問(wèn)句，表示還沒(méi)，沒(méi)有的意思,放句末
He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet?
ever 問(wèn)句，表示曾經(jīng)的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示從沒(méi)的意思 He has never been to China.
just 肯定句，表示剛剛的意思 I have just come back from China.
練習(xí)：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空
1. Have you seen the film ( )?
2. Have you done your homework ( )? -Not ( ), I will do it after supper.
3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).
4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.
5. I have ( ) paid for the car.
for, since及how long
For + 時(shí)間段：表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（具體時(shí)間/ … ago/ 某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 ）：
表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，間接地表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
兩者都可以回答由How long引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題。
How long has Joey been in New York?
練習(xí)：用for, since及how long填空
1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.
2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.
3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?
4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.
5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.
6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.
7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.
六、have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（通?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）
My mother has been to London twice. 媽媽去過(guò)兩次倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，在家）
Have (has) gone to 表示已經(jīng)去了某地（通常不在說(shuō)話的地方）
My mother has gone to London. 媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在就在倫敦，不在家）
練習(xí)：
1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
2. Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
3. My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
4. It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
5. The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to, have been in, have been
Have been to 去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里 I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in 一直呆在某地，后接地點(diǎn)
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been 后接名詞和表狀態(tài)的詞組 I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
練習(xí)：
1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?
B: He ______________the school library.
2.The Greens _____________China for three years.
We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.
1. Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for on
2. Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.
3. My father has ______________Guangdong several times.
4. It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
5. He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
6. Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
7. Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
8. Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.
9. The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
七、瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；
瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)
Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已經(jīng)借了那本書(shū)。
I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天這本書(shū)了。
用于till / until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示“到…才…”
He didn‘t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep Come/go /become—be
put on-- wear
2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞
join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on
leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed
4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ)
go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army
1.我們買(mǎi)這本書(shū)三年了.
We have had the book for three years.
We bought the book three years ago
2.他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.
2.He left his hometown three years ago. (改為同義句)
He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.
瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)
判斷正誤：
1. Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.
2. Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.
3. Jeff hasn’t had a day off since last Monday.
4. Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.
5. The students have finished the homework for a while.
6. The front door has been open for 8 hours already.
7. The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.
8. Berry has been late for school several times this term.
9. I have met Philip on
10. The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.
八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間連用,而過(guò)去時(shí)可以.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常和過(guò)去時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用。
1. He ____________(work) in our school for on
2. He ______(come) to our school last year/in 2002.
3. They _______________(cook) the supper already.
4. They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.
練習(xí)：Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:
A city ________ (be) born beside the Pearl River 2000 years ago. Later it__________ (become) bigger and more imp
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)
Multiple choice
1. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you
2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ________ her parents.
A. do B. does C. has D. have
3. – I have watched the game.
--When ____ you ____ it?
A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch
4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live
5. His grandma ______ for two years.
A died B has been dead C was dead D has died
6. –Where is Han Mei now?
--- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A has gone B has been C goes D had gone
7. ---_____ to the United Stated ? ---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
A. Did you go B. Do you go C. Have you been D. Have you gone
8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A do you B are you C have you D did you
（1-8 BDCBB ACC）
Translation
1. I have already finished my homework．
我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。
2. He has just had his meal．
他剛吃過(guò)飯。
3. Have you ever sung this English song？
你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？
4. They haven’t started yet．
他們還沒(méi)有動(dòng)身。
5. We have never heard of it．
我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。
6. I've been to Beijing three times.
我去過(guò)北京三次。
閱讀理解
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer . He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different place in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there , he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
1. On
2. On
寫(xiě)作平臺(tái)
１、Talk about some places which you are interested in. Why do you like there?
２、用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一段話，要求組織好材料，安排層次，勘酌詞句，并注意書(shū)寫(xiě)工整。
字?jǐn)?shù)在６０字以上。
１）上星期天我去杭州旅游。
２）我以前從沒(méi)去過(guò)如此美麗的城市。
３）杭州以西湖著名，有許多名勝古跡。
４）游園，劃船，爬山，美好時(shí)刻，終生難忘．
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