本視頻由MichaelGreger醫(yī)生于2018年3月28日制作，來自NutritionFacts.org。
閱讀：NutritionFacts.org網(wǎng)站的故事
前言：譯文中沒有包括視頻中全部幻燈片，請觀看完整視頻。老玉米學會了制作字幕，從現(xiàn)在開始每個小視頻都有中英雙語字幕啦。
摘要：如果少量飲酒也會導致癌癥的話，為什么醫(yī)生不警告他們的病人？
飲酒和過高的癌癥死亡率之間有可能有關聯(lián)這件事我們已經(jīng)知道100多年了。
We’ve known about the possible association between the consumption of alcohol and excessive mortality from cancer for more than a hundred years.
證明飲酒與胰腺癌、前列腺癌和黑色素瘤之間有關聯(lián)的證據(jù)目前還在逐步累積中，但是我們已相當確定飲酒會增加口腔癌、咽喉癌、食道癌、結腸直腸癌、肝癌、喉頭癌和乳腺癌的患病幾率。
Though the evidence is accumulating that alcohol drinking is also associated with pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma, we’re pretty certain that alcohol increases risk of mouth cancer, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, voice-box cancer, and breast cancer.
當前統(tǒng)計表明，在全世界，飲酒造成了上述癌癥致死中大約5.8％的病例。
Current estimates suggest that alcohol causes about 5.8% of all cancer deaths in these organs worldwide.
男性和女性受其影響有所不同。在男性中，飲酒主要導致頭頸癌和胃腸癌，在女性中，飲酒主要導致乳腺癌。
Here’s how that breaks down for men and women. In men, alcohol causes mostly head and neck cancers, and gastrointestinal cancers, whereas it’s mostly breast cancer in women.
每年，飲酒似乎會導致10萬件以上的乳腺癌病例。
Alcohol appears to cause more than 100,000 cases of breast cancer every year.
也許這些病例都源于長期酗酒？
Yeah, but is that just among heavy drinkers?
不，所有證據(jù)都表明，即使是對于少量飲酒者，飲酒也會增加乳腺癌患病風險。
No. “All levels of evidence show…a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption.”
但是，健康的飲食可能會幫助緩解這個風險。
Now, eating a healthy diet may help modulate that risk.
的確，飲酒會增加得乳腺癌的幾率，但高纖維的飲食可能會具有相反的正面效果。
Yeah, alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer, but “a fiber-rich diet may have the opposite effect.”
因此，更多地攝入未經(jīng)加工處理的植物類食物可能可以緩解飲酒導致的不良健康后果。
So, eating more whole plant foods may be able to “ease the adverse effects” of alcohol.
證據(jù)表明，飲酒會提高性激素水平，如雌激素，這可能會增加得乳腺癌的風險。但當多吃高纖維的食物時我們觀察到截然相反的影響。
“Alcohol has been shown to increase sex hormone levels,” like estrogen, which may increase breast cancer risk. But, you see the opposite happen eating fiber-rich foods.
纖維可以在大腸中和雌激素結合在一起，由此幫助人體把雌激素排出體外。
“Fiber appears to bind estrogen in the colon” and help flush it out of the body.
但盡管多吃高纖維食物，只要依舊攝入酒精，就無法完全避免得癌癥的風險。
But, even so, there does not appear to be any level of alcohol consumption that is completely safe from a cancer standpoint.
也正是因此，在醫(yī)學文獻里，經(jīng)?？梢钥吹酱蛑袊@號的語句向讀者強調(diào)：攝入使人上癮的致癌物（指酒精）無論如何也不能被認為是一種健康的生活選擇。
So, that’s why you see commentaries like this in the medical literature, exclamation point and all: the “consumption of…an addictive carcinogen, cannot be considered a healthy lifestyle choice!”
因此，關于飲酒的結論應該無比清楚：酒精有毒、致癌、導致嬰兒先天缺陷，而且可能讓人上癮。
Thus, the final message on alcohol should be clear: It is toxic, carcinogenic, birth defect-causing, and potentially addictive.
當科學家支持相反的觀點時，可能會幫助酒精產(chǎn)業(yè)的說客和廣告商扭曲科學證據(jù)，并由此撈取利益，而不顧群眾的健康。
By arguing otherwise, scientists can give the alcohol lobby and advertisers the opportunity to manipulate the scientific evidence to place profits over public health.
他們否認、并歪曲科學證據(jù)，還試圖轉移群眾的注意力。
They do this through denying the evidence, distorting the evidence, and trying to distract the public’s attention.
就像煙草業(yè)巨商隱瞞煙草危害的行為一樣，酒業(yè)巨商似乎同樣在廣泛誤傳關于酒精的科學信息。
“The alcohol industry, Big Booze, appears to be engaged in the same kind of extensive misrepresentation of the evidence” for which Big Tobacco is best known.
然而與此同時，他們卻能向大眾保持一種正直的偽善形象。
Yet, they are able to maintain this illusion of righteousness.
酒精、煙草和垃圾食品公司越來越多地企圖說服消費者：他們可以公正客觀地提供關于自家的產(chǎn)品的健康信息。
Alcohol, tobacco, and junk food companies “increasingly seek to present themselves…as objective providers of health information about their products.”
但是事實上，我們應該從醫(yī)學權威那里聽取關于人體健康的信息，而不是盲信21世紀最成功的有毒物品販賣商。
But, “ health information…should come from health authorities, not the 21st century’s most successful drug peddlers.”
因為群眾的盲信，制酒業(yè)從而獲取巨大的利潤。有時，他們甚至會用預防癌癥的公益活動來宣傳他們致癌的酒品。
“Alcohol industries profit hugely from this disconnect though and sometimes even appropriate the cause of cancer prevention in order to promote their carcinogenic product.”
舉個例子：Mike'sHard公司推出的粉色檸檬酒。（粉絲帶是全球乳腺癌防治活動的公認標識）
Case in point: Mike’s Hard Pink Lemonade.
為紀念一個患乳腺癌去世的員工，該公司推出包裝上貼著粉絲帶的粉色酒，以防癌的公益名義售賣致癌物多么荒謬！
“Join The Fight & Drink Pink” carcinogens, associating “the creation of their pink-ribboned alcohol with the death of one of their employees from breast cancer,” ironically, “contributing to risk in the name of prevention.”
同樣荒謬的還有肯德基的“吃炸雞，齊治病”活動（炸雞桶做成粉色的，捐錢給防乳腺癌組織，然而炸雞本身就致癌。）
Who, after all, can forget Kentucky Fried Chicken’s “Buckets for the Cure” campaign?
顯然，制酒業(yè)不會告訴你喝酒會增加得癌癥的風險這件事。
Cancer risk is one of the things the alcohol industry won’t tell you.
但是你的醫(yī)生怎么不告訴你呢？
But, why doesn’t your doctor tell you?
群眾對這件事的了解相對較少，然而醫(yī)學界總體來說并沒有傳播這個知識。
There’s relatively little public awareness of the link, and the medical community has largely remained silent.
可能醫(yī)學界越來越多地意識到有些產(chǎn)品雖然危害顧客卻能給企業(yè)帶來巨大的利益。但我們?yōu)槭裁匆耆雎灾凭茦I(yè)呢？
The medical profession may be getting more hip to corporate conflicts of interest in general, but “why are we ignoring the alcohol industry?”
換句話說，喝酒增加得癌幾率這件事為什么成了個秘密？
In other words: “Why is alcohol cancer’s best-kept secret?”
也許是因為醫(yī)生們自己也喝酒，并因此想繼續(xù)否認這整件事。
Maybe it’s because the doctors are drinkers themselves. And so, they want to remain in denial over the whole thing.
其實，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生不僅喝酒，相當一部分醫(yī)生還承認他們在工作的時候也喝酒，并遇到過其他醫(yī)生在明顯喝醉了的狀態(tài)下繼續(xù)上崗工作。
Not only do most doctors drink; a significant proportion admit to drinking while on call and report encountering fellow physicians on call while apparently impaired.
盡管大部分醫(yī)生覺得如果喝了酒，狀態(tài)不適合看診，他們有義務把這個情況告訴病人，可是事實上有多少醫(yī)生真的會坦言呢？
Even though most doctors feel they have an obligation to tell their patients should such a situation arise, guess how many actually do?
只有12％的醫(yī)生表示他們會告訴病人自己喝了酒。
Only 12% reported that they inform their patients when they’ve been drinking.
制酒業(yè)已經(jīng)認定，“喝酒致癌”這個信息是他們賣酒的一個極大的商業(yè)威脅。
“The…industry…h(huán)as identified the alcohol-causes-cancer message as a considerable threat.”
為了自己的利益，制酒商會竭力維持現(xiàn)狀：讓一般群眾和其信任的健康顧問都對酒精的危害相對無知、充滿困惑、并傾向于否定。
They have a “vested interest in maintaining the status quo of relative ignorance, uncertainty and denial among the general population and their trusted health advisers.
面對這種情況，醫(yī)學界人士應該不受自己飲酒習慣的影響，毫無保留地把“喝酒致癌”這個信息傳達給他們的病人和社會群眾。
“In the face of this, it is time that health professionals set aside any leanings that might stem from their own drinking…and convey unreservedly to their patients and the communities they serve that alcohol-causes-cancer.”
