導(dǎo)讀：“甲流”才走，“超級(jí)細(xì)菌”就來(lái)了。該細(xì)菌對(duì)現(xiàn)有的絕大多數(shù)抗生素都“刀槍不入”，近日一名比利時(shí)人已死于這種“超級(jí)細(xì)菌”。一時(shí)間，人們可謂談“菌”色變。而有關(guān)專家表示，只要防范得當(dāng)，超級(jí)細(xì)菌并非 “無(wú)藥可治”，人們也無(wú)需過(guò)分擔(dān)心。
A killer bug spreading across the globe like wildfire sounds like something out of a bad sci- fi film. But while this is still the stuff of fantasy， microbiologists are concerned about the news of an enzyme with the potential to convert all bacteria into superbugs resistant to treatment.
一種致命細(xì)菌在全球范圍內(nèi)迅速傳播開來(lái)，這聽(tīng)上去就如同科幻災(zāi)難片中的情節(jié)。盡管這聽(tīng)上去就像是天方夜譚一樣，但微生物學(xué)家們擔(dān)心某種酶可以將所有細(xì)菌催化成無(wú)法消滅的超級(jí)細(xì)菌。
New Delhi Metallo-1 （NDM-1） is already widespread in India and Pakistan， according to the Lancet Infectious Disease journal. There have also apparently been 50 cases in Britain.
根據(jù)《柳葉刀傳染病》雜志報(bào)道，一種名為“新德里金屬蛋白酶—1即“NDM-1”的病菌已經(jīng)在印度和巴基斯坦地區(qū)廣泛傳播。英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)已出現(xiàn)約50宗病例。
超級(jí)細(xì)菌來(lái)了，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？
Worryingly， NDM-1 appears to destroy a major group of antibiotics， the carbapenems - one of the last still to work against other bacteria now resistant to other treatments.
令人擔(dān)憂的是，這種“NDM-1”病菌甚至令碳青霉烯類抗生素也束手無(wú)策，而碳青霉烯類抗生素通常被認(rèn)為是對(duì)抗耐藥性病菌的最后方法。
So can we stay ahead of these superbugs？ We talked to leading experts to discover what we can do to protect ourselves.
那么我們能夠戰(zhàn)勝這些超級(jí)細(xì)菌嗎？我們就如何保護(hù)自己這一問(wèn)題向權(quán)威專家們求助。
1. Use an antibacterial body wash/shampoo such as Hibiscrub before， during and after a hospital stay.
1.在入院前，住院期間以及出院后，要使用除菌浴液或洗發(fā)水，例如希必潔液。
目前，大部分醫(yī)療研究人員認(rèn)為，濫用抗生素是導(dǎo)致超級(jí)細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的主要原因。
2. If you’re fitted with a catheter， ask for it to be removed as soon as clinically possible， says Professor Mervyn Bibb， a molecular microbiologist at the John Innes Institute， Norwich. ‘It is a potential source of infection.’
2. 諾利奇約翰•英尼斯中心分子微生物學(xué)家默文•比布教授建議，如果治療時(shí)使用導(dǎo)管，記得要求工作人員根據(jù)治療需要，及時(shí)更換新的導(dǎo)管。他說(shuō)：“這很有可能引起感染。”
3. Ask hospital staff and visitors to use antiseptic hand gel.
3.要求醫(yī)護(hù)人員以及探訪者使用除菌洗手液。
4. Take your antibiotics as prescribed： If you don’t finish the course or take them at reduced dose there is a risk you won’t kill all the bacteria， says Professor Bibb. ‘Finishing the course will ensure all pathogens are killed. Taking less than the prescribed amount could lead to incrementally resistant strains developing.’
4.比布教授建議要合理使用抗生素：如果你沒(méi)有完成治療療程，或是減少藥量，那么就有可能無(wú)法完全消滅病菌。“完成整個(gè)治療療程，這會(huì)保證所有的病原體都被殺死。劑量不足則會(huì)導(dǎo)致病菌的抗藥性逐漸增強(qiáng)。”
超級(jí)細(xì)菌
5. Watch for signs of redness， swelling and pain around wounds and report it to medical staff.
5.嚴(yán)格觀察傷口周圍的變化，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)泛紅、腫脹或疼痛等狀況，要及時(shí)向醫(yī)生求助。
6. At home， practise good hand hygiene. Wash your hands after going to the loo and before preparing food. Regularly clean door handles， light switches and flushes on loos. Avoid sharing towels. Be vigilant about food hygiene： E. Coli can colonise meat products， such as burgers， so make sure you cook them thoroughly and they are not left bloody.
6.在家時(shí)，要養(yǎng)成良好的洗手習(xí)慣。如廁后、做飯前切記要洗手。定期清潔廁所門把手、電燈開關(guān)以及馬桶。避免與他人共用毛巾。警惕 “病從口入”：大腸桿菌能夠在像漢堡這樣的肉制品上大量繁殖，所以切記要將它們徹底烹熟，不要留有血絲。
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