目 錄
第一講 主謂一致
第二講 名詞
第三講 代詞
第四講 動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)
第五講 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
第六講 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
第七講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
第八講 助動(dòng)詞
第九講 不定式
第十講 V-ing形式
第十一講 V-ed形式
第十二講 形容詞／副詞
第十三講 介詞
第十四講 連詞
第十五講 It的用法
第十六講 定語(yǔ)從句
第十七講 名詞性從句
第十八講 狀語(yǔ)從句
第十九講 倒裝句
第一講主謂一致
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
從句或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
表示數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
由連接詞連接的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致
集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
“主語(yǔ)+with/as well as 等短語(yǔ)”的主謂一致
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致主要指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和作主語(yǔ)的名詞或人稱(chēng)代詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。
處理主謂一致關(guān)系主要遵循以下3條原則。①語(yǔ)法一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語(yǔ)
的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式而定：主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞用單數(shù)。②就近一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。③意義一致原則，即不以語(yǔ)法形式而從意義著眼處理一致關(guān)系，若主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但
意義上是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)；若主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，而意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Ⅲ、自測(cè)題
1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．
2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．
3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all．
4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time．
5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look．
6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions．
7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well．
8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax．
9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history．
10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical?
11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the
work．
12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories．
13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room．
14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms.
15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement.
16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet．
17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．
18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition．
19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun．
20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．
21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question．
22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing．
23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．
24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun．
25．What ______(be) your weekly wages?
26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．
27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights．
28．Only one of the students who______(have) read the article can answer
the question．
29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book．
30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．
31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday.
32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this.
33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable．
34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important．
35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio．
36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well．
37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown．
38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad．
39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm．
40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages．
41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours．
A)meant B)mean
C)means D)will mean
42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property
_______ in the fire．
A)are lost B)have been lost
C)were lost D)has been lost
43.Statistics ______ a rather modern branch of mathematics．
A)are B)were
C)is D)are to be
44．Every means ______ tried out but never with success,as far as my knowledge goes．
A)is B)has been
C)are D)have been
45．The woman writer and Oscar Award candidate _______ a collection of short stories．
A)have just turned out B)has just turned out
C)have just been turned out D)has just been turned out
46．The athlete,together with his coach and several relatives,_____ to the Olympic Games．
A)are traveling B)is traveling
C)were traveling D)have been traveling
47．Not only I but also Tom and Mary ______ fond of watching television．
A)am B)is
C)are D)have
48．The audience _______ requested to be in their seats by 7:00．
A)have B)has
C)are D)is
49．Your trousers ______ too long．______ to be shortened a little.
A)are;They need B)is;It needs
C)are;It needs D)is;They need
50．Different forms of government agency ______ different functions．
A)is B)are
C)has D)have
第二講名詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式
名詞所有格
名詞作定語(yǔ)
復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的數(shù)
單位詞
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
名詞是表示人、事物和抽象概念的詞，它在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)以及后置
定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的意義，名詞可以分為普通名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞。普通名詞包括個(gè)體名詞(
如chair,student等)、集體名詞(如family,people,police等)、物質(zhì)名詞(如glass,water,wool等)、抽象名詞(如work,anger等)。專(zhuān)有名詞是表示個(gè)別人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)等所特有的名稱(chēng)，如China,Beijing,Mary,Dr.Brown等。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．Let me give you______．
A)some advice B)some advices
C)an advice D)the advice
2．I’ll have a cup of tea and______．
A)two toasts B)two pieces of toast
C)two piece of toasts D)two pieces of toasts
3．______did you buy for your new flat?
A)How many furniture’sB)How much pieces of furniture’s
C)How much furniture D)How many a furniture
4．Mr．Wang has recently made______．
A)some huge fortunes from share
B)huge fortune from shares
C)huge fortunes from share
D)a huge fortune from shares
5．The flood has done______to this region．
A)damage B)damaging
C)damages D)ruin
6．______are ungrounded．
A)All this worries B)All these worries
C)All the worry D)All these worry
7．Is this______to achieve success?
A)the only means B)the very two means
C)various means D)the very mean
8．______covering it are not obtainable．
A)Accurate data B)Accurate datum
C)Accurate datums D)Datums accurate
9．He said he had met the man______．
A)at my uncle’s room SmithB)at my uncle Smith’s room
C)at Smith’s my uncle’s roomD)at room of my uncle’s Smith’s
10．I want to know______．
A)somebody else opinion B)somebody’s else opinion
C)somebody else’s opinion D)somebody’s else’s opinion
11．This is a picture______．
A)of my boy’s B)of my room’s
C)of a boy’s D)of the boy’s room’s
12．______of Mrs．Brown’s．
A)Mary is the daughterB)This is Mary
C)Mary is a daughter D)This is Mary,the daughter
13．I have finished ______.
A) a day work B) oneday work
C) a day’s work D) the work of a day
14．Julie went to the______to buy a pair of shoes．
A)shoes store B)shoe’s store
C)shoe store D)shoes store
15．He is a______．
A)bank president B)president of a bank’s
C)banks president D)president of the bank’s
16．What do you call juice that comes from tomatoes? You call it______?
A)tomatoes juice B)tomato juice
C)juice of tomato D)tomatoes juice
17．The rapidity of______in a river depends on the width of the river bed。
A)water’s movement B)water movement
C)water movement’s D)water’s movement’s
18．The ______was brought to completion in 1958．
A)workers stadium B)workers stadium’
C)worker’s stadium D)workers’stadium
19．I shall be back in______．
A)an hour or two time B)an hour or two’s time
C)an hour’s or two time D)a hour or two’s time
20．Would you compare and tell the differences between______houses?
A)Alan and Smith’s B)Alan and Smith
C)Alan’s and Smith’s D)Alan’s and Smith
21．The miners escaped the danger______．
A)by a hair breadth B)by hair breadth
C)by hairs breadth D)by a hairs breadth
22．She put her arm through______．
A)her brother B)brother
C)her brother’s D)brother’s
23．The boys ate and drank______．
A)to their heart’s contents B)to their hearts’ contents
C)to their hearts content D)to their hearts’ content
24．______race will take place at nine sharp tomorrow morning．
A)Scott and Anderson’s B)Scott and Anderson
C)Scott’s and Anderson’s D)Scott’s and Anderson
25．They took Dorson’s child to______at once by car．
A)doctor’s B)the doctor’s
C)the doctors D)doctor
26．______must have heard the terrible cry from the building．
A)One of passer-bys B)One of passers-by
C)One of the passer’bys D)One of the passers-by
27．Though he was in college,he was still fond of reading______．
A)stories of children B)childrens stories
C)children stories D)children’s stories
28．We called at______on weekend．
A)my grandmother B)my grandmother’s
C)mine grandmother D)mine grandmothers
29．We have chicken,vegetables,______for lunch．
A)fish and mutton B)fishes and mutton
C)fishes and muttons D)fish and muttons
30．Very heavy______are levied on some imported goods．
A)custom duty B)customs duty
C)customs duties D)custom duties
31．They saw______in that room．
A)a large amount of furniture
B)a large amount of furnitures
C)many furnitures
D)few furnitures
32．They were requested to hand in their______a month later．
A)theses B)thesises
C)thesis D)these
33．After four years in Canada,she got______．
A)a degree of doctor B)the degree of a doctor
C)a doctor’s degree D)a doctor degree
34．The beautiful woman turned out to be______．
A)a daughter of Mrs Green’s
B)a Mrs Green’s daughter
C)a daughter of Mrs Green
D)the daughter of Mrs Green
35．This is a special______of butterflies．
A)specy B)species
C)specys D)specis
36． ______went to the party last night．
A) Many John friends B) Many John’s friends
C) Many of John friends D) Many friends of John’s
37． The room was small and contained far too______．
A) many new furniture B) much new furnitures
C) much new furniture D) many new furnitures
38． We found ______in a large iron cage in the zoo．
A) two deer B) two heads of deer
C) a lot of deers D) an amount of deer
39．The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camps．
A) prisoner-of-wars B) prisoners-of-wars
C) prisoner-of-war D) prisoners-of-war
40． The doctor checked up both his______hearts．
A) father-in-law’s and his brother-in-law’s
B) father’s-in-law and his brother’s-in-law
C) father-in-law and his brother-in-law’s
D) father-in-laws and his brother-in-laws
第三講代詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
不定代詞的用法
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞詞組的，它的主要作用是在句子中避免名詞的重復(fù)。代詞可分為
人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞、
連接代詞等。我們將關(guān)系代詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中論述，連接代詞放在名詞性從句中論述。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．She has two daughters but ______of them likes chocolates．
A)no B)either C)neither D)both
2．Choose______book you like from my collection．
A)each B)any C)some D)anyone
3．I have had one house that exactly suited me,and I can hardly expect to find______．
A)another B)other C)any D)the other
4．______of them knew about the plan because it was secret．
A)Any B)No one C)Some D)None
5．I have two brothers．One is a teacher,______is a businessman．
A)another B)other one C)the other D)other
6．______of the four roads will take you to the library．
A)Every B)Both C)Any D)Neither
7．They do not accept______suggestion．
A)neither B)either C)both D)both of
8．The teacher gave______of the pupils a ballpen．
A)each B)every C)some D)the other
9．A good writer is______who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way
A)this B)that C)one D)which
10．The reason why we didn’t get______people to help us in the work is that we didnt want to trouble anyone．
A)all B)any C)no D)some
11．______of you shared my opinions,so we have______in common to discuss．
A)Few;little B)Nobody;a little
C)A few;little D)None;many
12．Kim and Tony were not the only people in the garden．There______．
A)were some other ones B)were some others
C)was another people D)was someone more
13．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is quite______to perform skillfully yourself．
A)other B)some C)another D)any
14．Two people had met the General before,but ______ recognized him．
A)either B)any C)neither D)some
15．______of the two winners in the composition contest was awarded a pen．
A)Every one B)Everyone
C)Each one D)Anyone
16．The boy took off his gloves．______had holes in the fingers．
A)Either one B)Everyone
C)Any one D)Each one
17．I walked into the room and______．
A)shook hands with everybody
B)shook hand with each one
C)shook hands with each
D)shook the hand by every body
18．Two little boys of my brother’s called to see me and I gave an apple
to______when they sat down．
A)every one of them B)each
C)every one D)every
19．A few cakes were served,and he ate______．
A)every one B)everyone
C)no one D)anyone
20．______expressed his determination．
A)Everyone of them B)Every one of us
C)Nobody of them D)Any body of you
21． I prefer red roses to white______，but my sister likes both ______．
A) one…one B) ones…ones
C) one…ones D) ones…/
22．______the girls came on the trip．
A) No B) Nobody of
C) None of D) No one of
23．— What do you think about these cakes?
— I’d like to have ______．
A) some other B) another
C) the other D) other
24．Alexander certainly talks a lot and he’s never interested in what______has to say．
A) anyone else B) nobody else
C)no one D)somebody other
25．It goes without saying that______ the staff of our company can enter
these laboratories．
A) anybody but B) but anybody
C) none but D) everybody but
26．______of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of a nuclear
war is increasing．
A) None B) Either
C) Both D) Neither
27．It’s time ______about the traffic problem downtown.
A) something was done B) everything is done
C) anything will be done D) nothing to be done
28．You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because there is hard
ly ______left.
A) everything B) nothing
C) something D) anything
29．The managing director refused to accept ______of the four proposals made by the contractors and demanded complete novelty．
A) either B) any
C) neither D) none
30．Knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or
evil.It’s now being used indifferently for ______．
A) each B) either
C) both D) one and the other
31．In order to be a good mountaineer,______ and enough knowledge in geology and meteorology．
A) a sound body should be obtained by one
B) it is essential to have sound body
C) there should be a sound body
D) one should have a sound body
32．Of the four bridges on the river ,the new one completed last year is
longer and wider than______．
A) another B) the other
C) the others D) one another
33．He composed a vast amount of music,______is ever played today．
A) one of which B) little of which
C) seldom D) a few of them
34．Tape recorders are quite cheap in this country ,you can buy ______ for a few pounds ,though the best ______ are usually exported．
A)ones…one B)one…onesC)that…one D)that…ones
35．Although Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in______,he became an international renowned jazz musician.
A) the next one B)anotherC)the otherD)other one
第四講動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“動(dòng)詞(+賓語(yǔ))+介詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“動(dòng)詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
由一個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞叫作“單詞動(dòng)詞”，如live,work,study,strike,come,go等。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞為中心詞加上介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成的多詞動(dòng)詞。它們所表示的意義通常不是動(dòng)詞和介詞／ 副詞各自詞義的簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)合。在使用時(shí)，我們要將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)整體看待。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為及物和不及物兩種類(lèi)型。此類(lèi)題主要是考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義，所以識(shí)記和領(lǐng)會(huì)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義是學(xué)習(xí)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)鍵。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．When he realized the police had spotted him,the man_______the exit as quickly as possible.
A)made off B)made for
C)made out D)made up
2． Having decided to rent a flat,we_______contacting all the
accommodation agencies in the city．
A)set about B)set down
C)set out D)set up
3． The manager needs an assistant that he can _____to take care of problems in his absence．
A)count on B)count in
C)count up D)count out
4． There are other problems which I don’t propose to _______at the moment
A)go into B)go around
C)go for D)go up
5． This popular sports car is now being_____at the rate of a
thousand a week．
A)turned down B)turned out
C)turned up D)turned on
6.The French pianist who had been praised very highly______to be a great disappointment．
A)turned up B)turned in
C)turned out D)turned down
7． If you happen to________my lost papers while you’re looking for your book,please let me know at once by telephone．
A)come across B)come to
C)come up D)come over
8． Important people don’t have much free time as their work ____all their time．
A)takes away B)takes over
C)takes up D)takes in
9． When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon______it．
A)got off B)got across
C)got away D)got over
10． I always_________what I have said．
A)get to B)hold to
C)lead to D)see to
11． The engine________smoke and steam．
A)gives up B)gives in
C)gives away D)gives off
12． They ________in spite of the extremely difficult conditions．
A)carried out B)carried off
C)carried on D)carried forward
13． When Mr．Jones gets old,he will_______over his business to his son．
A)take B)handC)think D)get
14． I can’t ______what that object is．
A)make up B)make over
C)make out D)make for
15． Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject,he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only________to his confusion．
A)extended B)amounted
C)added D)turned
16．She________to say that she was not interested in what I was talking about．
A)broke out B)broke in
C)broke down D)broke up
17． Experienced as we are,we must allow_______unexpected difficulties．
A)for B)to
C)with D)into
18． The wallet was_______to the American tourist when he proved that it was his．
A)given away B)given out
C)given back D)given up
19． They needed quite a sum of money to_______a special school for gifted children．
A)set about B)set up
C)set back D)set off
20． The old lady opened the window to see what was ______outside in thelane．
A)going on B)going out
C)going over D)going after
21． With the birth of the Communist Party of China,the face of the Chinese
Revolution______an altogether new aspect．
A)took for B)took on
C)took up D)took over
22． The blow knocked him unconscious and it was several minutes before he．
A)came out B)came off
C)came to D)came up
23． Though cruelly tortured by the German fascists,the underground leader didnt_______any of his comrades．
A)give in B)give up
C)give back D)give away
24． Peggy had been absent from school for two weeks,so she naturally had a lot of homework to_______．
A)make out B)make for
C)make after D)make up
25． He tried to_______at least half an hour every day for jogging(慢跑)．
A)set out B)set aside
C)set off D)set back
26． At first he could hardly_______what the American professor was saying．
A)take in B)take off
C)take to D)take over
27． Once he has_______his loan from the bank,Henry will owe money to no one
A)paid back B)paid for
C)paid up D)paid off
28． When the train_______,the Lafayette students were surprised to learn that the Carlisle track team was composed of one man only．
A)pulled out B)pulled on
C)pulled up D)pulled in
29． After the big job was finished,the builder_______the number of men working for him．
A)cut back B)cut across
C)cut off D)cut in
30． The president called on the people to_______arms to defend their freedom and
independence．
A)take on B)take after
C)take up D)take down
31． I will do my best to_______your expectation．
A)live up to B)live with
C)live through D)live by
32． John’s youngest son is______medicine．
A)putting up with B)standing up to
C)going in for D)making up for
33． The band was so short of musicians that they had to_______students．
A)fall for B)fall back on
C)fall in D)fall on
34． We’ve ________sugar．Ask Mrs Johnsons to lend us some．
A)run down B)run off
C)run away with D)run out of
35． The good service at the hotel_______the poor food to some extent．
A)made for B)made out
C)made up D)made up for
36． She________us because she went to an expensive school．
A)looks above B)looks down upon
C)looks over D)looks up to
37． You’ll find that job very difficult．You’ll ______some very tricky problems．
A)run over B)come off
C)come up against D)run out of
38． There are many inconveniences that have to be______when you are camping．
A)put up B)put off
C)put up with D)put away
39． Having gathered some information about the accident,they______its real causes．
A)got down to B)got round to
C)got out of D)got into
40． When I was criticized at the meeting,only he______me．
A)stood for B)stood up to
C)stood up for D)stood out
41． I am afraid my grandfather’s health will not be able to_____this dramatic change of weather．
A)stand up for B)stand out
C)stand up D)stand up to
42． Jack has been working hard and has______his classmates in studies．
A)caught on B)caught up with
C)caught out D)caught up
43． They are trying hard to________technical developments．
A)keep up with B)keep back
C)put up with D)keep up
44． To fulfil the task assigned me,I’m quite prepared to______whatever danger that may lie behind．
A)face with B)face up to
C)face down D)face up with
45. Very few scientists______with completely new answers to the world’s problems．
A)come to B)come round
C)come up D)come on
46． The union______under the financial strain．
A)broke up B)broke out
C)broke off D)broke down
47． If we can______our present difficulties,then everything should be all right．
A)get off B)put away
C)come across D)get over
48． The car slowed down and______at the gate．
A)pulled out B)pulled on
C)pulled down D)pulled up
49． Some hard plastics can be______metals in manufacturing machine parts.
A)substituted for B)replaced
C)taken the place of D)given way to
50． Trains stop here in order to ______passengers only．
A)get off B)pick up
C)pull up D)get out
51． Tom could not______the last problem on the arithmetic test．
A)fill out B)figure out
C)find out D)feel like
52． This office is so small that I don’t think we can______another desk．
A)place down B)hold up
C)take in D)fit in
53． I had a bit of cold over the weekend but fortunately I______．
A)put it off B)made it up
C)called it off D)threw it off
54． Prepositions______in the structure of English．
A)take part B)take a great part
C)play a large part D)play many parts
55． Jack was about to announce our plan but I______．
A)put him through B)gave him up
C)turned him out D)cut him short
第五講 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
將來(lái)完成時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中共有16種時(shí)態(tài).
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1． Long ago,people didn’t know the earth ______ round the sun．
A) moves B) were moved
C) moved D) had moved
2． Tom will go to school the moment he ______ his work．
A) will finish B) finished
C) finishes D) would finish
3． I will go there even if it ______ tomorrow．
A) will have rained B) will rain
C) has rained D) rains
4． In case he ______,let me know．
A) has come B) comes
C) will come D) would come
5．It’s hard to tell if it ______ tonight．
A) will snow B) snows
C) shall snow D) will have snowed
6．Free tickets will be given to whoever ______ first．
A) will come B) has come
C) comes D) come
7．I ______ John several times during the past month．
A) saw B) had seen
C) see D) have seen
8．It ______ every day so far this week.
A) has rained B) rains
C) is raining D) rained
9．This is the first time that I ______ to Paris．
A) will go B) have been
C) have gone D) came
10．It is the third cigarette that I ______ this morning．
A) smoke B) smoked
C) have smoked D) am smoking
11．Anne is one of the brightest pupils who ______ from the school．
A) have graduated B) has graduated
C) had graduated D) graduated
12．I am to do my homework as soon as I ______ back from school．
A) had arrived B) will arrive
C) have arrived D) would arrive
13．By the time Mrs．Smith left the school,she ______ that course for twenty years．
A) taught B) has taught
C) has been teaching D) had taught
14．Where ______ when I was in the Atlantic City?
A) have you been B) were you
C) had you been D) did you
15．No sooner had Mr．Green finished explaining the poem than the students
questions ______ to pour in．
A) begin B) began
C) beginning D) had begun
16．Our teacher said the Yellow River ______ the second largest river in
China．
A) was B) were
C) has been D) is
17．Perhaps I ______ reading the book by this time tomorrow．
A) will have finished B) will finish
C) have finished D) would have finished
18．We ______ nearly a thousand miles when we reach London．
A) travel B) have traveled
C) shall have traveled D) are traveling
19．I’ll ______ my sister at the airport at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon．
A) be meeting B) be met
C) have met D) have been meeting
20．The little girl ______ fine deeds both at and out of school．
A) was always done B) is always doing
C) had always done D) does always do
21．I had intended to ______ you an early reply,but I didn’t know how to get contact with you．
A) have given B) would give
C) give D) giving
22．I was to ______ to see you yesterday,but I was too busy to get away．
A) come B) be coming
C) have come D) coming
23． It is two years since I ______ you．
A) see B) have seen
C) had seen D) saw
24．It is the third time that Tom ______ late for class．
A) has arrived B) arrives
C) arrive D) is arriving
25．He will come to call on you the moment he ______ his work．
A) will finish B) finishes
C) finished D) to finish
26．— Let’s hurry．The president is coming．
— Oh,I thought that we ______．
A) already miss him B) had already missed him
C) will miss him already D) have already missed him
27．The Smiths told Jack that they ______ a new car the next morning．
A) went to buy B) would be going to buy
C) were going to buy D) have gone buying
28．John and Mary ______ in September．
A) are to be married B) will marry
C) is to marry D) is married
29．I liked to play football when I was at the university,but I broke a leg
five years ago and since then I ______．
A) haven’t played again B) didn’t play again
C) would not play again D) would have played again
30．It doesn’t matter who ______ there in his place．
A) will go B) go to
C) went D) goes
31．When he graduates from the university this summer,Tom ______ here for four years．
A) will be studying B) will study
C) will have studied D) studies
32．The little girl told me her name only after I ______ her mine．
A) had told B) told
C) tell D) have told
33．I’d like to know when he ______ back．
A)is B) will be
C) be D) would be
34．Whatever ______,you should keep cool-headed．
A) happened B) should happen
C) will happen D) happens
35．I’ll let you have the book when I ______ through．
A) will be B) am going to be
C) am D) shall be
36．________last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent．
A) He left the school B) He has left school
C) He had left school D) He left school
37．I knew I could not finish the homework________．
A) by he had come B) until he has come
C) when he comes D) before he came
38．The government________to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections．
A) is going B) had been
C) was about D) is coming
39．I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped_______．
A) him calling me B) that he would call me
C) him to call me D) that he call me
40．Do not disturb me．I_______letters all morning and have written ten
so far．
A) write B) have written
C) was writing D) have been writing
41．Mr．Brown_______here for two weeks．
A) has already been B) is already being
C) has already been being D) is already
42．Hand in your papers when you______ the test．
A) are finishing B) will finish
C)will have finished D) have finished
43．By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain．
A) we’ll learn B) we are learning
C) we have learned D) we’ll have learnt
44．My father_______．
A) has forever criticized me B) forever criticizes me
C) does forever criticize me D) is forever criticizing me
45.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he______until yesterday．
A) will come B)was coming
C)had been coming D)comes
46．Whenever I ______ these days,I always carry my raincoat．
A) shall go out B) am going out
C) would go out D) go out
47．I had hoped_______my letter．
A) her to answer B)that she answer
C)that she would answer D)her answering
48．This is the first time _______really relaxed for months．
A) I’ve felt B)I feel
C)felt D)I am feeling
49．They were quarrelling about the property their father _______ them when he_______．
A) left…died B)left…h(huán)ad been dead
C)had left…died D)had left…was died
50．I______that we would be able to leave tomorrow,but it’s beginnig to look difficult．
A) hoped B)had hoped
C)was hoping D)would hope
51．The company_________a rise in salary for ages,but nothing has happened yet．
A) is promised B)has been promising
C)is promising D)promised
52．There was a knock at the door．It was the second time someone________me that evening．
A) had interrupted B)would have interrupted
C)to have interrupted D)to interrupt
53．The new oneway scheme______for just over six months,and traffic
has improved considerably as a result．
A) has been operated B)has to be operated
C)has been operating D)had operating
54．They were sweating all over because they ______ basketball for more than two hours．
A) were playing B)were to play
C)were to have played D)had been playing
55．Ever since the world began,nations ______ difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbours．
A) have had B)have
C)had D)had had
56．I would very much like to have gone to see the movie,but I ______ a ticket．
A) shall not have B)haven’t had
C)don’t have D)didn’t have
57．When Kate came to call on me,I had just finished my washing and _______ to prepare my lunch．
A) have started B)would have started
C)had been starting D)was starting
58．I ______ work last week,but I changed my mind．
A) were to start B)was to start
C)was to have started D)had started
59．By the middle of the 21st century,the vast majority of the world’s population ________ in cities rather than in the country．
A) are living B)will be living
C)have lived D)will have lived
60．I’ll come to your office as soon as I ______ the paper．
A) obtain B)will obtain
C)am to obtain D)have obtained
第六講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)形式
各種句型的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
get型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)
語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)
是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的ed形式”構(gòu)
成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport．
A) were just unloading B) were just being unloaded
C) had just unloaded D) were just been unloaded
2．The problem ______ for two hours at the meeting．
A) was discussed B) has discussed
C) has been being discussed D) has been discussed
3．Greater efforts to increase grain production ______ if food shortages are to be avoided．
A) is being made B) must be made
C) have to make D) is making
4．The instruments will have to be carefully tested before they ______．
A) are being used B) will be used
C) can be used D) use
5．Each pupil ______ an orange at the end of yesterdays party．
A) has been offered B) were offered
C) was offered D) has offered
6．People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes．But why are all of the ______?
A) grey painted mailboxes B) mailboxes grey painted
C) mailboxes painted grey D) painted grey mailboxes
7．It was not until man had learned how to make iron and steel that the construction of various machines ______ possible．
A) were made B) had made
C) made D) was made
8．The man who doesn’t work ______ work．
A) made B) should be made to
C) should be made D) has to be made
9．He was ______ to be clever but dishonest．
A) thought as B) thinking
C) to think D) thought
10．John ______ the best singer in his class．
A) regards to be B) regards as
C) has regarded as D) is regarded as
11．Mr．Smith ______ by a large majority vote at the board meeting．
A) has turned down B) was turned down
C) was turned D) had turned down
12．The sports meet ______ because of the weather．
A) puts off B) was putted off
C) was put off D) has put off
13．Such success ______ when we first started．
A) was never thought B) has never been thought
C) was never thought of D) did not think of
14．More and more attention ______ adult education both at home and abroad．
A) is paying to B) are paid to
C) has being paid to D) has been paid to
15．Mary got angry when she realized she ______．
A) was being made fun of B) has been making fun of
C) is made fun of D) made fun of
16．— The ceremony has already started．
— Look! The flag is ______ now．
A) being raised B) being rose
C) risen D) raising
17．Bill ______ a job in a factory,but he refused to take it．
A) was offered B) offered
C) was offering D) had offered
18．In 1950,she was the largest ship that ______．
A) was ever built B) has ever built
C) has ever been built D) had ever been built
19．I should very much like to go to the party,but ______．
A) I am not invited B) I have not been invited
C) I was not invited D) I will not be invited
20．The work ______ by the time you get here．
A) will have been done B)is done
C) had been done D) would have done
21．The construction of the laboratory ______ by the end of next month．
A) must have completed B) must have been completed
C) must be completed D) must complete
22．The Anti-Japanese War ______ in 1937．
A) broke out B) was broken out
C) had broken out D) was happened
23．She was told the examination ______ on Friday．
A) will be given B) would be given
C) to be given D) is given
24．I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ______ if
we leave it here．
A) would be fined B) will be fined
C) will being fined D) will have been fined
25．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory
______．
A) will greatly increase B) would greatly increase
C) would be increased greatly D) will been great increased
26．Lenin often spoke to his comrades and ______ with enthusiasm．
A) was always listened to B) was always listened
C) always listened to D) always was listened
27．This film ______ this Saturday．
A) shows B) will show
C) is to be shown D) is to show
28．The children ______ many times not to go near the river．
A) have told B) told
C) have been told D) were being told
29．I think much attention ______ your pronunciation．
A) must be paid to B) ought be paid to
C) must pay to D) should be paid by
30．John will have to go to work by bus as his car ______．
A) is repaired B) is being repaired
C) is needed repairing D) is needed repairs
31．Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ______ taken in the past．
A) was not B)were not
C)were not being D)being not
32．My pictures _______ until next week．
A) won’t develop B)aren’t developing
C)don’t develop D)won’t be developed
33.All the apparatus _____ before the experiment began．
A) have been prepared B)were prepared
C)had been prepared D)had prepared
34．It’s upsetting when a person ______ for a crime that he didn’t commit．
A) is punishing B)will punish
C)have punished D)gets punished
35．Enough _______ on how to take useful things out of rubbish．
A) has said B)was said
C)has been said D)will be said
36．The Smiths ______ rooms in the hotel,for their houses ______ in the explosion．
A) were given;had been destroyed
B)gave;destroyed
C)was given;was destroyed
D)gave;had been destroyed
37．I wasn’t surprised she ______ elected after all the efforts she made．
A) got B)took
C)grew D)turned
38．_______ thousands of different species of beetles．
A) There is known to be B)There are known to be
C)There is to be known D)Known there are to be
39.It is reported that a new railway station ______ there by the end of next month．
A) will be built B)has built
C)was built D)will have been built
40．Your hair wants______．You’d better have it done tomorrow．
A) cut B)to cut
C)cutting D)being cut
第七講虛擬語(yǔ)氣
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if only〖WT〗引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的用法
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法〖HT〗〖BG)〗
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
虛擬語(yǔ)氣是歷年考試中結(jié)構(gòu)選擇部分的最常見(jiàn)的也是必不可少的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái)表示假設(shè)、主觀(guān)愿望、猜測(cè)、建議、可能或空想等非真實(shí)情況.
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．His car must have broken down,or he ______then．
A) would have been here B) had to be here
C) should be here D) would be here
2． We consider it necessary that a careful plan______ before doing work．
A) should make B) be made
C) to be made D) will be made
3． The picture exhibition bored me to death． I wish I ______ to it．
A) have not gone B) did not go
C) could not have gone D) had not gone
4． Your suggestion that he ______ till next week is reasonable．
A) wait B) will wait
C) shall wait D) waits
5． Since the meeting is very important, I’d rather______．
A) you yourself would attend it B) you yourself attended it
C) you yourself attend it D) you yourself will attend it
6． Had she come yesterday, I ______ her the truth．
A) did tell B) told
C) would have told D) would tell
7． I don’t know what I’d have done if I ______ to make that decision.
A) have had B) would have
C) had had D) had
8．It’s high time that you ______ to correct that mistake．
A) have learnt B) learn
C) will learn D) learnt
9． Because he had a bad cold, his mother insisted that he ______to school．
A) mustn’t go B) not go
C) do not go D) would not go
10． The headmaster gave orders that the test ______before 12:30．
A) will be finished B) be finished
C) shall finish D) will finish
11．It is important that the customs of all nations ______ respected．
A) be B) are
C) must be D) will be
12． It is necessary that he ______ in time to attend the meeting．
A) will come B) comes
C) come D) came
13． He’s working hard for fear that he______．
A) would fall behind B) fell behind
C) may fall behind D) should fall behind
14．He ordered that the work ______ started at once．
A) be B)is
C) was D)being
15． If you had followed the doctors advice, you ______all right now
A) will become B) could have become
C) would become D) became
16．I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______your brother．
A)could see B)had seen
C)will see D)will have seen
17．If I had a bike,I ______it to you yesterday．
A)would have lent B)would lend
C)would have lend D)could lend
18．______,John would not have failed．
A)If he has listened to me B)Had he listened to me
C)If he listened to me D)As he listened to me
19．I wished it______but it did．
A)occurred not B)did not occur
C)had not occurred D)would not occur
20．I______Professor Jones had taught me this question．
A)believe B)deeply think
C)wish D)suppose
21．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the sun______round the earth．
A)circles B)is circling
C)be circling D)were circling[
22．— I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity．
— She insisted______it as a gift．
A)no them to accept B)their accepting
C)that they accept D)that they accepted
23．Jill would rather we ______now,but we must go to work．
A)not leave B)had not left
C)didn’t leave D)not to be left
24．I’d just as soon______those important papers with you．
A)that you won’t take B)your not taking
C)please don’t you take D)you didn’t take
25．If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed,we’d ______there by now．
A)be B)get
C)have got at D)have been
26．Peter wishes that he ______law instead of literature when he was in college．
A)had studied B)studied
C)could study D)would study
27．______,Gerald would have been a rich man．
A)Was he to enter businessB)Were he entered business
C)Had he entered businessD)If he was to enter business
28．If only I ______how to operate an electronic computer as you do．
A)had known B)would know
C)should know D)knew
29．— Where have you been?
— I got caught in the traffic;______I would have been here sooner．
A)however B)although
C)anyway D)otherwise
30．John would rather that Jane______to the party yesterday evening．
A)did not go B)not go
C)had not gone D)wouldn’t gone
31．The chief editor recommended that everyone______this paper．
A)must refer to B)referred to
C)would refer to D)refer to
32．______no electronic computer,there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets．
A)Had there been B)If there were
C)Should there be D)If there are
33．It was essential that the application form______back before the deadline．
A)must be sent B)be sent
C)would be sent D)were sent
34．It is urgent that they______from the mountain before dark．
A)shall be rescued B)will be rescued
C)be rescued D)must rescue
35．______the fog,we should have reached our destination．
A)Because of B)In case of
C)In spite of D)But for
36．It is natural that an employee______his work on time．
A)finished B)finishes
C)finish D)finishing
37．If you______that movie last night,you wouldn’t be sleepy now．
A)haven’t watched B)didn’t watch
C)hadn’t watched D)wouldn’t have watched
38．What do you think of his proposal that improvement ______in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
A)be made B)would be made
C)will be made D)will have to be made
39．I’d rather you______anything about it for the time being．
A)do B)won’t do
C)didn’t do D)hadn’t do
40．It is suggested that all controls______at the front of the machine.
A)mount B)be mounted
C)are mounted D)will be mounted
41．My idea is that our group______the other groups to a friendly competiti
on．
A)challenge B)will challenge
C)would challenge D)challenges
42．He’s working hard for fear that he______to pass the exam．
A)fails B)may fail
C)should fail D)would fail
43．I’d rather you ______your mouth shut．
A)keep B)kept
C)will keep D)have kept
44．Had it not been for the traffic jam,I______late for class．
A)would have been B)won’t have been
C)have been D)wouldn’t have been
45．Mother told me to take an umbrella lest I ______a cold．
A)should catch B)caught
C)catch D)will catch
46．If the sea ______ 500 feet ,India would become an island．
A) is to rise B) were risen
C) has risen D) were to rise
47．They ______ so tired,if they hadnt been walking for a whole day.
A) wouldn’t be feeling B) would feel
C) would have felt D) are not feeling
48．If only he ______ differently, he might still be the director of the
faculty．
A) behaved B) have behaved
C) had behaved D) behaves
49．He had just arrived, but he talked as if he ______ about our plan．
A) had known B) knew
C) knows D) has known
50．How I wish we ______ as we were told! This would never have happened.
A) had done B) would do
第八講助動(dòng)詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
助動(dòng)詞的用法基本
半助動(dòng)詞的用法
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的一般用法
“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞+have done”的用法
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞的句法功能是協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組，它不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。英語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞分為三大類(lèi)：①基本助動(dòng)詞(如be,do,have);②半助動(dòng)詞(如have to,had better, be going to,be able to,be about to,seem to等)；③情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(如must,may,should等)。英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試對(duì)助動(dòng)詞的考查主要是情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。所以本章我們主要論述情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的用法。情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不同于一般助動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。但情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的
詞義又不像實(shí)義動(dòng)詞那樣完全，它不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(ought等除外.
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．Since the ditch is full of water,______last night．
A)there might have been rain
B)it must be raining
C)it must have rained
D)there must have rain
2．Look what you have done!You______more careful．
A)must be B)may be
C)would have been D)should have been
3．Mary_______yesterday if she was really serious about her work．
A)ought have come B)ought to have come
C)ought to come D)ought to be coming
4．Her performance in the exams is excellent．She______a lot of time studying
A)may spend B)must spend
C)must have spent D)had spent
5．You______pay the money,but you_______do so at once．
A)needn’t;must B)need;need
C)must;must D)must;needn’t
6．Comrade Wang _______be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago．
A)mustn’t B)can’t
C)may not D)isn’t able to
7．The car plunged into the river．The drive________ get out but the passengers
were drowned．
A)was able to B)succeeded to
D)might 8.You _________ the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to
to do.
A)needn’t to come B)don’t need come
C)don’t need coming D)needn’t com
9．— Did they blame him for his mistakes?
— Yes,but they _________so．
A)would rather not do B)shouldn’t do
C)shouldn’t have done D)had better not do
10．— Did your brother break the window?
— He_______have done it．I am not sure．
A)will not B)might
C)can D)must
11． Since it is already midnight,we______．
A)had better left B)ought to have left
C)should take leave D)might as well leave
12． The house is dark;the Turners ______to bed．
A)should go B)should have gone
C)must have gone D)must go
13． My father______such a thing．
A)can’t have said B)might not have said
C)couldn’t say D)must not have said
14． He went on foot,but he ______by bus．
A)might as well go B)should go
C)could have gone D)must have gone
15． “Where are my keys?I______them．”
A)must lose B)should have lost
C)can have lost D)might have lost
16． Where ______wait for you?
A)do you want me B)will I
C)shall I D)would you hope me to
17． The swimmer was very tired but he______reach the shore before he collapsed．
A)might B)can
C)succeeded to D)was able to
18． ______to you like that?
A)How dared he spoke B)How dares he speak
C)How dare he speak D)How dares he to speak
19． Ann doesn’t like milk．She says that she______it at home．
A)was never used to drink B)was never used to drinking
C)never used to drink D)never used to drinking
20． Some people feel that firearms______．
A)need be controlled B)must have been controlled
C)can be controlled D)should be controlled
21． ______to have lunch with us today?
A)Do you like B)Would you like
C)Will you like D)Shall you like
22． You ______him that the day before．
A)ought not to have told B)must not have told
C)should not tell D)ought not to tell
23． When I was a boy,I ______chocolate．
A)would like B)used to like
C)was used to like D)should like
24．— You missed a golden opportunity．
— Yes,I______that job when it was offered．
A)must take B)should have taken
C)might have taken D)ought to take
25． When we reached the station,the train had not arrived;so we______．
A)needed not to hurry B)needn’t have hurried
C)need not to have hurried D)didn’t need to hurry
26． Most of the people in the group felt rather disappointed at their travelling abroad．They say that it ______better organized．
A)might have been B)had been
C)had to be D)must have been
27． My sister wasn’t in Paris last month,so you______her there．
A)might not have seen B)can’t have seen
C)must not have seen D)shouldn’t have seen
28． I want to go to the grocery,but you______with me．
A)need not to go B)don’t need go
C)not need to go D)need not go
29． — The lecturer was a tall, thin man with white hair．
— Then it______Dr．Fell because he is short and fat．It______Dr．Jones;he is thin．
A)can’t be;must be
B)couldn’t have be;might have been
C)must be;can’t be
D)can’t have been;must have been
30． I wonder why they haven’t arrived yet．I told them how to get here but
perhaps I ______them a map．
A)should give B)had to give
C)ought to have given D)must have given
31． — Martin is taking pictures of wild animals．
— Oh,no．He______killed．
A)might be B)might have been
C)must be D)would probably have been
32． You______me because I didn’t say anything like that．
A)must misunderstand B)may misunderstand
C)could have misunderstand D)must have misunderstood
33． No one______that to his face．
A)dares say B)dares saying
C)dare say D)dare to say
34． Some people think that if you can’t say something nice about a person,then you______anything at all．
A)mustn’t have said B)shouldn’t say
C)needn’t have said D)wouldn’t say
35． — Do you believe that James will apologize to Mary?
— I don’t know．He______．
A)should B)would
C)ought D)will
36．Mr Jones,_______you tell me what has happened?
A) may B) must
C) might D) could
37．As it turned out to be a small party,we ________up so formally．
A) needn’t dress B) didn’t need have dressed
C) did not need dress D) needn’t have dressed
38． I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left．I ______
him earlier．
A) had a telephone B) have phoned
C) should have phoned D) should be phoned
39． He was a good swimmer so he_______swim to the riverbank when the boat sank．
A) could B) might
C) succeeded to D) was able to
40． You_______read that article if you don’t want to．
A) haven’t B) can’t
C)mustn’t D)needn’t
第九講不定式
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
不定式(短語(yǔ))的句法功能
不定式的時(shí)態(tài)
不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)
不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用
不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
省略[WTHZ]to[WT]的不定式
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
不定式是非限定動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的。to是不定式的符號(hào)，本
身沒(méi)有意義。不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。不定式具有名詞、形
容詞、副詞的特征，同時(shí)也保留動(dòng)詞的某些特征。不定式和自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短
語(yǔ)，如：to learn English,to speak at the meeting。不定式的否定形式是在其前直接加
not或 never，如：not to be late,never to make such mistakes。不定式既然有動(dòng)詞的特征，當(dāng)然也就有時(shí)態(tài)之分，有語(yǔ)態(tài)之別。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1． They would rather______on with the house building than______it up．
A)to go;to give B)go;give
C)to go;give D)go;giving
2． If the work ______by the end of the month is delayed,the construction company will be fined．
A)will be completed
B)will have been completed
C)to be completed
D)being completed
3． Another manmade earth satellite is reported______orbit yesterday．
A)to have been put into B)to have been put
C)to be put into D)to put into
4． No matter how hard I searched,the receipt was nowhere______．
A)to have found B)to be founded
C)being found D)to be found
5． It is hard______the problem without others help．
A)for him to solve B)that he might solve
C)for him solving D)his solving
6． ______such an attitude is to seek truth from facts．
A)People adopt B)While adopting
C)Being adopted D)To adopt
7． Although he tries his best,much work______．
A)remains not done B)remain not to do
C)does not remain to be done D)remains still to be done
8． Some students find______．
A)boring to remember English words
B)it to remember English words boring
C)it boring to remember English words
D)remember English words boring it
9． As a matter of fact,I thought______．
A)it not to criticize him bestB)best not to criticize him
C)it best to not criticize himD)it best not to criticize him
10． Jones wants______a company by himself instead of ______his father’s．
A)to open;taking over B)to open;take over
C)opening;take over D)opening;taking over
11． On hearing the bad news,she could do nothing______．
A)but crying B)while crying
C)except cry D)only to cry
12． Rather than______any more,I decided to go home by taxi．
A)my waiting B)to have waited
C)waiting for D)wait
13． They don’t allow______in the room．
A)to smoke B)us smoke
C)us to smoke D)to be smoked
14． The manager could do nothing______the secretary’s suggestion．
A)only to agree to B)until agree to
C)but agree to D)except agreeing to
15． Under the pressure of policemen,the criminal______confess his guilt．
A)could not only B)only to
C)could not but D)could not unless
16． The brave young man would rather die______．
A)never surrender B)than surrender
C)without surrendering D)not to surrender
17． The companies can not choose______with each other．
A)unless cooperate B)only cooperate
C)but cooperate D)apart from cooperate
18． I have spent much time encouraging______．
A)them reading B)that they read
C)them to read D)their reading
19． Let’s hurry______be late for the party．
A)in order to not B)to not
C)not to D)so as not to
20． I have enjoyed my visit here．I am very sorry______．
A)to leave B)for leaving
C)of leaving D)with leaving
21． Have you ever______a lie?
A)know me to tell B)knew me to tell
C)know me tell D)known me tell
22． Did you notice the little boy______?
A)took the candy and run away
B)taking the candy and run away
C)who take the candy and run away
D)take the candy and run away
23． John______the report for him．
A)got his sister write B)had his sister write
C)made his sister in writing D)let his sister to write
24． The farmhands were made______their work．
A)done B)to be done
C)to do D)do
25．He will______except lend you money．
A)do anything for you B)give you anything
C)make everything for you D)lend you everything
26． He had nothing to ______the posters outside the house．
A)see except look at
B)do except to look at
C)do except look at
D)watch except to looking at
27． She would sooner______．
A)starved than surrendered
B)starve than surrender
C)starved than to surrender
D)to starve than to surrender
28． When the typist saw his funny look,she______．
A)could not help to laughB)was not able to help laughter
C)could not help but laughD)could not help but laughing
29． — Would you help me with my lessons?
— Of course,but I can do______give you some advice．
A)no more but to B)not more than
C)no more except to D)no more than
30． He was said______a gift from her,knowing that it meant a bribe．
A)to refuse B)to be refused
C)to have been refused D)to have refused
31． The manuscript was thought______by Shakespeare．
A)to write B)to be written
C)to have written D)to have been written
32． I was pleased______you last month．
A)to meet B)have to meet
C)to have met D)meeting
33． It is important for the plan______．
A)to put into practice B)not to put into practice
C)to be put into practiceD)to be not put into practice
34． The lecture is hard______．
A)to understand B)for understanding
C)to be understood D)understand
35． He is said to______the old couple for more than ten years．
A)have looking after B)have been looking after
C)look for D)be looking for
36． There were not much______him．
A)to be interested and amused B)interesting and amusing
C)to interest and amuse D)interested and amused
37． I want a book______on the journey．
A)to read B)to be read
C)for reading D)having been read
38． These apples are still too green and sour______．
A)that they can be eatenB)that they can’t have been eaten
C)to be eaten D)for eating
39． It is very kind______so．
A)for you to say B)for you to have said
C)of you to say D)of that you say
40． I have considered seeing Jane tomorrow,but I haven’t considered______my hand．
A)having offered B)to offer
C)how to offer D)offered
41．John admitted that it’s always difficult _______．
A) for him being on time B) being on time for him
C)for him to be on time D)on time for him
42．A good administrator must know_______．
A) to be firm B) to have firmness
C)the way of firmness D)how to be fir
43．They would rather_______for a walk．
A) going B) be go
C)to go D)go
44．Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and _______．
A) need to be repairing
B) repairing is required of them
C) require that they be repaired
D) need to be repaired
45．There was nothing they could do______．
A) but wait B) except waiting
C) only to wait D) unless they waited
46．Last night,in a radio address,the president urged us______to the Red Cross．
A) that we subscribe B) subscribe
C) subscribing D) to subscribe
47．—Where are you going?
—To help the neighbors_______the dinner party．
A) get ready B) getting ready
C)get ready for D)by getting ready
48．Now the need________other peoples’ language is becoming greater and
greater．
A) to learn B) learning
C)to be learned D)being learned
49．It is necessary_________the book immediately．
A) for him to return B) that he returns
C)his returning D)to him return
50．Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult______.
A) to achieve success todayB) to succeed successfully today
C)to come off well today D)at being successful today
第十講 V-ing形式
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
V-ing形式的句法功能
V-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)／獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
V-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)形式
V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
固定搭配中的V-ing形式
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
這里所說(shuō)的V-ing形式包括了傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法書(shū)中所講的“現(xiàn)在分詞”和“動(dòng)名詞”。V-ing形式也是一種非限定動(dòng)詞。它有一般形式和完成形式，以及主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1． Bad weather prevented the construction from ______in time．
A)having completed B)completed
C)completing D)being completed
2． ______,Mary ran out of the classroom．
A)With tear in her eyes and a sudden turn
B)Turning suddenly,with tears in her eyes
C)With a sudden turn tearful eyes
D)Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenly
3． ______that the teacher was not in,she went back．
A)Find B)To find
C)To have found D)Finding
4． It’s no good______a lot but doing nothing．
A)talk B)talkingC)talked D)to talk
5． It is no use______him at this hour．
A)to call B)calledC)call D)calling
6． Is there anything here______?
A)worth to buy B)worth of being bought
C)worthy buying D)worthy of being bought
7． I don’t regret______even if it might have upset her．
A)to tell her what I thought
B)to have told her that I thought
C)telling what I thought
D)telling her what I thought
8． The teacher said,“Stop______．”So we stopped______．
A)to talk;to work B)talk;working
C)talking;to work D)talking;work
9． My younger sister couldn’t help______when her toy fell into the river．
A)but to cry B)but crying
C)to cry D)crying
10． That bad egg wore dark glasses to avoid______．
A)being recognized B)to be recognized
C)recognizing D)to recognized
11． I love______,but I’d hate______in a crowded swimming pool．
A)to swim;swimming B)swimming;swimming
C)to swim;to swim D)swimming;to swim
12． These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high cliffs or down
frightening hillsides to towns______in deep valleys．
A)lying B)laying
C)laid D)lied
13． ______after a long walk,John called and said he couldn’t come．
A)Having worn out B)Being worn out
C)To wear out D)Worn out
14． I wasted all the afternoon______through piles of old letters．
A)go B)to go
C)goes D)going
15． He saw in the driving mirror and saw the lorry______over his car．
A)come B)coming
C)having come D)to come
16． ______the operation successfully made him feel relaxed．
A)Had performed B)Having performed
C)Have performed D)To perform
17． ______the book has taken up much of his spare time．
A)While he writes B)That I wrote
C)Writing D)To write
18． It is______pretending to know what you don’t know．
A)no good B)not helpful
C)not good D)all right
19． Do you think it’s worthwhile______a new language?
A)to teach him learn B)teaching him to learn
C)for teaching him learningD)teaching him to be learned
20． It’s a waste of time______him to our way of thinking．
A)of you to try persuade B)trying to persuade
C)that you try persuade D)to try persuade
21． ______,they went away disappointedly．
A)All the tickets have sold out
B)All the tickets having been sold out
C)While having been sold out
D)Having sold out all the tickets
22． ______so much in the war has made Joe more thoughtful．
A)Seeing B)To see
C)Had seen D)Have seen
23． It is no use______now．He is very busy．
A)asking him to come B)to ask him to come
C)asking him coming D)to ask him come
24． ______a fine day,we decided to go out on a picnic．
A)What B)Having been
C)Being D)It being
25． ______to get there at dawn means we may lose the battle．
A)Our failing B)We to fail
C)Us failing D)We fail
26． Do you remember______coming to see us last Sunday?
A)Mary and her mother B)Mary and her mother’s
C)Mary and Mary’s mother’s D)Mary’s and mother’s
27． The human body is composed of organs,______a definite job to do．
A)each one’s has B)each has
C)each having D)for each to have
28． ______,she went back to her room．
A)There is no cause for alarm
B)Being no cause for alarm
C)There being no cause for alarm
D)Without having cause for alarm
29． I don’t understand______at the poor child．
A)you to laugh B)you laugh
C)why do you laugh D)your laughing
30． He agreed that the problem required______．
A)to look into B)to be looked into it
C)looking into D)being looked into
31． ______London numbers from abroad,dial 1,not 01．
A)When telephoning B)When being telephoned
C)While telephoned D)When having telephone
32． My wife suggested______to Scotland for a holiday,but I favor______Wales instead．
A)to go;to visit B)going;visiting
C)to go;visiting D)going;to visit
33． I wrote up in the night and found we had water ______through the ceiling．
A)do drip down B)being dripped
C)drip from D)dripping
34． China stretches across a vast area ______ the cold,temperate and tropial zones．
A)covers B)cover
C)covering D)covered
35． After a long walk on a hot day,one often feels______．
A)exhausting B)exhausive
C)exhausted D)exhaust
36． He won’t like such questions______the meeting．
A)to discuss at B)discussed at
C)discussing in D)to have discussed in
37． When ______the English standards of Japanese and Chinese secondary pupils,the professor gave no comment．
A)asking to compare with B)asked to compare
C)asking to be compared D)asked him to compare
38． ______against corruption and waste has brought us a bright future．
A)We fight B)Our fighting
C)We to fight D)Us fighting
39． — Did you miss your stop?
— The bus was so crowded that I had a hard time______．
A)got off B)getting off
C)to get off D)get off
40． Weather______,the sports meeting will be held as scheduled．
A)should permit B)permits
C)is permitted D)permitting
41． Don’t you mind______the window?
A)me to open B)I open
C)my opening D)to open
42． I’m not satisfied with______so hastily．
A)that being done B)that is done
C)that’s being done D)that’s done
43． He is very busy______his papers．He is far too busy______callers．
A)to write;to receive B)writing;to receive
C)writing;receiving D)to write;for receiving
44． My younger brother couldn’t help______when his toy plane fell into the
river．
A)but to cry B)but crying
C)to cry D)crying
45． I vaguely remember______something like that．
A)his saying B)him having said
C)for him to say D)that he say
46． No one thought that John’s suggestion was worth______．
A)to consider B)considering
C)to be considered D)of consideration
47． John was caught______his neighbour’s apples the other day．
A)to have stolen B)stealing
C)to steal D)having stolen
48． There was so much noise outside that the speaker could hardly______．
A)make the audience hear
B)make the audience hearing him
C)make himself hear
D)make himself heard
49．Some of the experiments______in the book are easy to perform．
A)being described B)described
C)to be described D)having been described
50． ______to continue his studies,James quitted school．
A)Not wishing B)Not to wish
C)Having not wished D)Wishing not
第十一講 V-ed形式
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
V-ed形式的句法功能
V-ed形式用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
V-ed形式即傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中所說(shuō)的過(guò)去分詞，又有人稱(chēng)之為-ed分詞，它也是一種非限定動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的V-ed形式由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則的V-ed形式情況各異。V-ed形式一般表示完成和被動(dòng)，只有一種形式，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式變化。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1． ______about the storm,the sailor changed his course．
A)Warn B)Warned
C)Being warning D)To be warned
2． ______,we can’t look forward to seeing the sports center rebuilt．
A)This year’s budget severely cut
B)This year’s budget has severely cut
C)This year’s budget being severely cutting
D)This year budget cut
3． The materials______in the paper are all up-to-date．
A)quoting B)quoted
C)being quoting D)to be quoting
4． A large fish was slowly swimming through the water,its tail______back and forth like the pendulum of a clock．
A)swung B)swinging
C)was swung D)was swinging
5． The new water machine______here from the factory looked a bit larger than that I had ordered．
A)delivered B)delivering
C)to be delivered D)having delivered
6． We have never heard the word______that way before．
A)pronounce B)be pronounced
C)pronounced D)pronouncing
7． New Zealand is a (an)______country．
A)English speaking B)speaking English
C)English spoken D)English being spoken
8． The______necklace was returned by the police．
A)stealing B)stolen
C)having stolen D)being stolen
9． The engine______at maximum speed for a long time may start to overheat．
A)running B)run
C)ran D)to be run
10． The customer______by one penny got the money back as soon as he returned to the supermarket．
A)overcharging B)being overcharged
C)overcharged D)to overcharge
11． ______,the sun could be seen climbing up over the hills to our east．
A)The morning fog is to be blown away
B)The morning fog blow away
C)The morning fog blown away
D)It is blown away the morning fog
12． The failure on the final exams always make students______their performance．
A)ashamed of B)being ashamed of
C)ashamed D)shamed
13． My sister’s professor had her ________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.
A) rewritten B) to rewrite
C) rewrite D) rewriting
14． For this important event,the press secretary is the spokesperson______by
the president to give the news to the eager television reporters______in the conference room of the White House．
A)chosen;waiting B)chosen;waited
C)chose;waiting D)chosen;to wait
15． Many things______impossible and incredible in the past are common today．
A)consider B)considered
C)considering D)to consider
16． When ______to tell the difference between British and American English,
the professor made a long and ______speech．
A)asked;tired B)asked;tiring
C)asking;tiring D)be asked;tired
17． ______the top of the mountain,we had hardly any energy______for the descent (下山)．
A)Reached;leaving B)Reached;left
C)Reaching;to be left D)Reaching;left
18． We visited the small village______south of the reservoir．
A)laying B)lying
C)to lie D)laid
19． All these products will surpass the level______in 1976．
A)attained B)attaining
C)to be attained D)having been attained
20． ______of the burden of the ice,the balloon climbed up and drifted to the south．
A)Freeing B)Freed
C)To be free D)Having freeing
21． Jane’s brother borrowed my French dictionary yesterday,______that he would return it soon．
A)said B)saying
C)to say D)having said
22． Only by practice will you be able to improve your______and gradually speak fluently．
A)speaking English B)spoken English
C)spoke English D)speak English
23． ______population in the centers of American cities have resulted in a large number of______buildings．
A)Declined;abandoned B)Declining;abandoned
C)Declined;abandoning D)Declining;abandoning
24． She had a very ______when she heard the news．
A)disappointed look B)disappointing look
C)disappointed appearance D)disappointment look
25． His health______,Henry Lee went on leave(告假)from the army．
A)failed B)failing
C)being failed D)being in failure
26． ______left before the deadline,it doesn’t seem likely that John will accomplish the job．
A)With so short time B)Since such a short time
C)Although such a short timeD)With such a short time
27． Even if______,I won’t go．
A)invited B)being invited
C)having been invited D)to be invited
28． Are you going to the dinner______by Professor Wang?
A)given B)to give
C)to be given D)being given
29． Suddenly there appeared a young woman______in green．
A)worn B)dressingC)to dress D)dressed
30． — Is the radio bothering you?
— It certainly is．I’d like it______off．
A)turning B)to turn
C)turned D)turns
31．_______from space,our earth,with water covering 70% of its surface,appears as a “blue planet”．
A) Seen B) Seeing
C) Having seen D) To see
32．A________achievement of electronics is electronic computers．
A) widely knowing B) being widely known
C) widely known D) having widely known
33．Some of the experiments_______in the book are easy to perform．
A) describing B) to be described
C) described D) to describe
34．They tried to silence the _______ audience but in vain．
A) exciting B) excited
C) to excite D) excite
35．The lecture was three hours long and Frans felt very______．
A) boring B) bored
C) boredom D) bore
36．Excuse me,but it is time to have your temperature_______．
A) taking B) to take
C) take D) taken
37．There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_______．
A) hearing B) to hear
C) heard D) being heard
38．They found out a _______ soldier on the battlefield．
A) wound B) wounded
C) wounding D) being wounding
39．Jane was scolded by the director because she left the office with the
door ______．
A) unlocking B) not being locked
C) unlocked D) not locking
40．They are _______with their present job．
A) satisfied B) satisfy
C) satisfying D) to satisfy
41．She wants the work_______before tomorrow．
A) be done B) do
C) done D) be doing
42．With the first point_________,they turned their negotiation to another．
A) agreed on B) agree on
C) to agree on D) to agree
43．Is there anything you want from the town?I am going to get______．
A) these letters mailed B) mailed letters
C) to mail these letters D) these letters mail
44．All the insulating substances________up to then could be damaged by sea water．
A) knowing B) known
C) to know D) know
45．I’m going to the hairdresser’s to_______．
A) cut my hair B) have my hair cut
C) have cut my hair D) cut me my hair
46．A beam of light will not bend round corners unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device．
A) made B) being made
C) having made D) to be made
47．He heard his name_______．
A) call B) be called
C) called D) to call
48．Any body,when______to a high temperature,becomes a source of light．
A) to be heated B) heated
C) being heated D) having heated
49．An automatically controlled electric oven never gets_______．
A) overheating B) to overheat
C) to be overheated D) overheated
50．_______waiting for Jane,he headed home．
A) To feed up with B) Fed up with
C) Feeding up with D) To be fed up with
第十二講形容詞／副詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
as…as結(jié)構(gòu)
more…than結(jié)構(gòu)
“the+形容詞 ／ 副詞最高級(jí)+比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)
比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)
比較的邏輯一致性
拉丁比較結(jié)構(gòu)
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
形容詞 ／副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)考試的考查要點(diǎn)。比較結(jié)構(gòu)除了其基本形式之外，還有其變體形式，因而呈現(xiàn)出較為復(fù)雜的情況。形容詞／副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)最主要的有三種：as…as結(jié)構(gòu)，more…than結(jié)構(gòu)和the most…結(jié)構(gòu)。more…than結(jié)構(gòu)和the most…結(jié)構(gòu)又有綜合式和分析式之分。綜合式即在原級(jí)后加-er,-est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；分析式即在原級(jí)前加more,most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．This lesson is______than the last one．
A)more easier B)more easy
C)very easier D)much easier
2．He looks______than he is．
A)more young B)more younger
C)much younger D)very younger
3．The cost of one day in this hospital can run ______300．
A)so high to B)as high to
C)as high as D)so high as
4．______,the worse I seem to feel．
A)When I take more medicine B)The more medicine I take
C)Taking more of the medicineD)More medicine taken
5．My new glasses cost me______the last pair that I bought．
A)times three B)three times more than
C)three times as much as D)as much three times as
6．You must write as______as you can．
A)careful B)carefully
C)more carefully D)more careful
7．Which do you like______,coffee,tea or lemonade?
A)the best B)better
C)best D)the better
8．I’ve never seen______before．
A)so beautiful sunset B)such a beautiful sunset
C)such beautiful sunset D)as beautiful sunset
9．This is______opportunity to be lost．
A)too good B)too a good
C)too good an D)a too good
10．I never heard______story．
A)more amusing B)the more amused
C)a more amusing D)a more amused
11．It’s ______film Ive ever seen．
A)more interesting B)most interesting
C)the most interesting D)a more interesting
12．The more he tried to help her,______she seemed to appreciate it．
A)the less B)the more less
C)the lesser D)the much lesser
13．The fare was______than he thought it would be．
A)less as expensive B)less expensive
C)not as less expensive D)as less expensive
14．The market______it had been in the morning．
A)was as crowded B)was not crowded as
C)wasn’t as crowded as D)wasn’t so crowded
15．She was______anyone could be．
A)such co-operative as B)very co-operative that
C)most co-operative than D)as co-operative as
16．This sofa isn’t comfortable,but that one is______better．
A)rather B)less
C)ever D)hardly
17．Americans now use______electrical power per capita as the world average
A)as much six times
B)more than six times
C)as more than six times much
D)more than six times as much
18．The moon is approximately 60 times______from the center of the earth as we are．
A)as near as B)as far as
C)as near D)as far
19．The sun must be made of lighter stuff than the earth．If the earth were______,it would weigh four times as much．
A)bigger B)smaller
C)as bigger D)as big as the sun
20．The thing that troubles me______is my lung cancer．
A)most B)much
C)very D)rather
21．John is______his friend．
A)no more rich than B)not more rich than
C)no richer than D)not rich than
22．The beauty of the city is______words can describe．
A)more than B)less than
C)no more than D)no less than
23．It is inferior in quality______what I imagined．
A)than B)of
C)to D)with
24．Jim is______in both ability and learning．
A)superior than I B)superior to I
C)superior than me D)superior to me
25．Her skirt is______．
A)as pretty,if not prettier than her sister
B)as pretty as,if not prettier than,her sister’s
C)pretty as her sister,if not prettier
D)pretty as her sisters,if not prettier
26．Exercising is______ as any to lose unwanted weight．
A) good as a way B) as good a way
C) as a good way D) so good a way
27．There is______ a man who lays down his life for his country．
A) no greater love than that of
B) no greater love than
C) no so greater love as that of
D) no as greater love as that of
28．John and Tony are both very learned ,but Harry is______．
A) the more clever B) the most clever one
C) the cleverer one D) the cleverest one
29．— Did you like the book I gave you?
— ______the novels that Ive read,I enjoyed this one the most．
A) Of all B) All of
C) For all D) From all
30．It is ______ the best solution to the problem．
A) very B) a lot
C) so far D) by far
31．Finally, he chose ______ expensive of the two cameras．
A) the most B) more
C) the more D) most
32.He looks older than me , but I am ten years ______ to him.
A) older B) younger
C) senior D) young
33．The more he looked at the picture, ______ .
A) the less he liked it B) the better he likes it
C) less he liked it D) he liked it better
34．This house is very big and beautiful.I think the rent must be ______as that one. A) three times more B) as much three times
C) three times as much D) as three times much
35．The new manager was ______ calm and approachable ______his predecessor had been arrogant and aggresive．
A) not as…as B) as…as
C) not…so…as D) more than
36．Miss Augustine is ______ as you can wish to meet．
A) efficient a secretary B) an as efficient secretary
C) as efficient a secretary D) a secretary efficient
37．The result of the complicated experiment is ______as we had expected.
A) as a success much B) much as a success
C) as much a success D) as much of a success
38．The present crisis is ______ than an economic crisis．
A) much more a political B) much a more political
C) much more political D) much more political crisis
39．Film directors can take ______ liberties in dealing with concepts of time and space than stage directors can．
A)more greater B)the greatest
C)far greater D)further great
40．Wind and rain continually hit against the surface of the Earth, breaking large rocks into______ particles．
A)smaller and then smaller B)small to smaller
C)smaller and smaller D)little by little
第十三講介詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
●對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單介詞的考查
對(duì)短語(yǔ)介詞的考查
對(duì)“介詞與動(dòng)詞／形容詞／名詞的搭配”的考查
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示其后的名詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句)與其
他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，只有和其后的詞(叫作介詞賓語(yǔ))構(gòu)成介詞短
語(yǔ)才能在句子中充當(dāng)某些成分，如作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。按照介詞的構(gòu)成，
介詞可分為3類(lèi)：①簡(jiǎn)單介詞，即由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in,at,among等，其中包括由兩
個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞組合成的合成介詞，如inside,without,throughout等，還包括由V-ing形式和V-ed形式轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的分詞介詞，如considering,including,given等；②雙重介詞，它由兩
個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞組成，如from among(從……當(dāng)中)，from behind(從……的后面)，until after
(直到……之后)等;③短語(yǔ)介詞，它由一個(gè)或兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)其他詞類(lèi)的詞組
合成一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞，短語(yǔ)介詞的末尾總是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞，如according to
,because of,in favour of,in spite of等。對(duì)介詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單介詞、短語(yǔ)介詞
及介詞與其他詞類(lèi)的搭配上。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．He took my umbrella ______．
A)with mistake B)by mistake
C)in mistake D)by fault
2．He’s sometimes bad-tempered but he is a good fellow______．
A)by heart B)with heart
C)in heart D)at heart
3．The speech was so long and dull that I could hardly put up______it．
A)to B)upon
C)with D)into
4．The new TV set is good,______some flashes on the screen．
A)besides B)beyond
C)except for D)outside of
5．Perhaps economy is the solution______your financial troubles．
A)at B)to
C)on D)for
6．Science has brought ______many changes in our lives．
A)around B)about
C)forward D)back
7．My sister is really enthusiastic______music．
A)about B)on
C)with D)by
8．An objective of Women’s Liberation is to do______unfair discrimination
against women．
A)out of B)away with
C)away from D)up down
9．I must apologize______not answering your letter in time．
A)from B)with
C)for D)in
10．She tried to make up______the lost time______staying up late．
A)for;by B)with;by
C)for;with D)with;with
11．His honesty is______;nobody can doubt it．
A)out of the question B)beside question
C)without question D)in question
12．We should prevent people ______shooting______birds．
A)from;at B)of;to
C)against;at D)from;to
13．The ship was______the waves．
A)at the mercy of B)at the mercies of
C)at a mercy of D)at mercies of
14．The child suffered______a severe attack______influenza．
A)from;of B)of;on
C)in;on D)with;by
15．You may paraphrase this sentence______your own words．
A)by use B)use
C)with D)in
16．It is day______us while it is night______the Americans．
A)on;at B)with;for
C)to;since D)with;with
17．He didn’t go to the party______a variety of reasons．
A)to B)at
C)for D)on
18．To finish this task in three days is______an easy job．
A)by no means B)by any means
C)by all means D)by means of
19．At yesterday’s meeting,Mr．Lee______a reasonable plan．
A)put up with B)caught up with
C)kept up with D)came up with
20．______Mary,all the students have been there．
A)With relevance to B)With the exception of
C)Except that D)Similar to
21．In some rural areas of our country,machines have ______man in much farmwork．
A)taken the place of B)taken advantage of
C)taken for granted D)taken into account
22．Theory is based on practice and______serves practice．
A)in turn B)in return
C)in vain D)in place
23．I______a friend in the city yesterday．
A)came across B)came around
C)came up against D)came up to
24．They continued to work______the heavy rain．
A)in course of B)in spite of
C)in the event of D)in the face of
25．This plan will be discussed______at the next meeting．
A)at intervals B)at large
C)at length D)at times
26．The two parties______a date for the next talk．
A)agreed on B)agreed to
C)agreed with D)answered for
27．We have our book printed______．
A)at our own expense B)at our disposal
C)on our own D)on our guard
28．An experienced engineer is______the work．
A)in memory of B)in the charge of
C)in honour of D)in charge of
29．Preparations for the final examination are______．
A)all the way B)under way
C)by the way D)in the way
30．I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is______．
A)out of the question B)out of practice
C)out of date D)out of question
31．He didn’t take part in the meeting______the heavy rain．
A)for the sake of B)at the mercy of
C)on the point of D)on the grounds of
32．Tom is suffering______a fever,please______a doctor．
A)from;send for B)of;send off
C)in;send in D)about;send on
33．The plane was soon______in the sky．
A)out of sight B)out of doors
C)out of breath D)out of date
34．He pretended to be a newspaperman,but it didn’t take us long to______him．
A)see through B)see about
C)see for D)see to
35．A lot of people ______tears when they heard the famous scientist had passed away．
A)burst out B)burst into
C)burst upon D)burst up
36．To develop light industry in a big way______improving the living standard of the people．
A)attributes to B)attaches to
C)distributes to D)contributes to
37．All arts______the imitation and study of nature．
A)consist in B)consist of
C)consist with D)come of
38．I didn’t say I like it.______,I was very much against it．
A)To the contrary B)On the contrary
C)In contrast with D)In comparison with
39．In Britain,meat is sold______the pound．
A)at B)in
C)with D)by
40．I prefer writing a term paper______taking an examination．
A)rather than B)to
C)for D)instead of
41．What have you to say in ______ what happened yesterday?
A) response to B) right of C) relation to D) the van of
42．Electricity is essential ______ modern industry．
A) in B) fromC) for D) to
43．He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit______reach．
A) near B) withinC) inside D) at
44．His ideas were far in ______of the age in which he lived．
A) addition B) advantageC) advance D) adventure
45．Vingo obtained his release from jail ______ the successful efforts of
his friends to prove his innocence．
A) in accordance with B) as a result of
C) for reasons of D) with the help of
46．Today,more and more people in the U．S．a(chǎn)re using credit cards ______of money to buy the things they need．
A) in spite B) becauseC． instead D) ahead
47.Did you go there ______ pleasure or ______ business?
A) with…with B) on…for C) for…on D) for…for
48．______ its hot sun and beautiful beaches,Hawaii is a fine place to live in or visit．
A) As B) WithC) From D) For
49．It has been rather costly to install the machinery ,but it will prove to be worth the money______．
A) in conclusion B) in the long run C) at long last D) at the end
50．It is not easy to tell the true ______ the false．
A) from B) withC) than D) off
51．We all agreed with him ______his proposals for a Christmas party．
A) at B) forC) in D) on
52．We congratulated our colleague ______his engagement to the beautiful film star．
A) for B) aboutC) on D) in
53．Such a custom is not peculiar ______ the British．
A)on B) inC) of D) to
54．That student is very familiar ______all the works of Shakespeare and
Milton．
A) to B) withC) about D) in
55．Your father is very angry ______ you staying out so late．
A) for B) toC) with D) on
第十四講連詞
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
并列連詞的用法
從屬連詞的用法
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
連詞是一種虛詞，它是用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或分句的詞。根據(jù)連詞本身的構(gòu)成形式，連詞可
分為4類(lèi)：①簡(jiǎn)單連詞，如 and,but,or,if,before,since等；②關(guān)聯(lián)連詞，如both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also等；③短語(yǔ)連詞，如as if,as soon as,as well as,so that,in case,in order that等；④分詞連詞，如supposing,considering,provided等。根據(jù)連詞的句法功能，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩類(lèi)。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．Ten years have passed______I began to learn English．
A)when B)before
C)since D)after
2．The reason for the traffic accident was ______one of the drivers lost control of his car．
A)because B)why
C)when D)that
3．Everything happened______expected．
A)which B)that
C)as D)and
4．If that idea is wrong,the project is bound to fail,______good all the ot
her ideas might be．
A)whatsoever B)whatever
C)though D)however
5．A man escaped from the prison last night．It was a long time______the guards discovered what had happened．
A)since B)until
C)when D)before
6．A driver should slow down______there are many houses．
A)where B)when
C)till D)since
7．______the boys were discussing the car accident,Ben put in that the road
was icy．
A)Since B)While
C)Where D)As soon as
8．We heard a loud sound of drums beating______the parade marched．
A)till B)where
C)while D)the moment
9．The picture is not hanging______it should on the wall．
A)until B)when
C)wherever D)where
10．John didn’t plan in advance what to say but made it up______he was asked questions．
A)since B)where
C)as D)till
11．______Charles started a job,he did it______it was finished．
A)Since;where B)Once;till
C)Each time;once D)The moment;as
12．Dew is formed______the grass is thick．
A)while B)when
C)where D)until
13．I know the coatis unfashionable but I’m not going to throw it away．I’ll keep it______that style comes into fashion again．
A)when B)since
C)until D)as
14．______ more than one hundred elements are known,only twenty-five of them are common and important.
A) Because B) If
C) Although D) Whether
15．He put colons______he should have put semicolons．
A) though B) even if
C) whenever D) wherever
16．I enjoy travelling ______ I don’t have to drive too far．
A)lest B)unless
C)if D)but
17．Some members of the staff couldn’t handle Marry’s condition,hard _______ they tried．
A)as B)although
C)when D)even if
18． Government can’t operate effectively ______ it is free from such
interference．
A)as long as B)so that
C)unless D)because
19．The time is not far away ______ modern communications will become
widespread in China’s vast countryside．
A)when B)as
C)until D)before
20．______ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success．
A)If only B)Unless
C)Whenever D)Whatever
21．_______ the punishment was unjust,Helen accepted it without complaint．
A)However B)Even though
C)So long as D)Since
22．_______ I admit that there are problems,I don’t think that they can’t be solved．
A)Unless B)Until
C)As D)W
23.Britain’press is unusual _______ it is divided into two very different types of newspapers:the quality press and the popular press．
A)in how B)in what
C)in which D)in that
24．We often advise him not to drink more wine ______ is good for his health．
A)as B)than
C)that D)but
25．Society no longer looks upon divoice ______ it did a century ago．
A)no way B)any way
C)a way D)the way
第十五講 It的用法
I. 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
虛義it和先行it
It is / was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that / who…句型
疑問(wèn)詞+is / was it+that…句型
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分，常用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is/was…that / who…”句型。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．It was with great joy ______ he received the news that he had been enrolled into the university．
A)since B)so
C)that D)as
2．It is ______ that likes swimming．
A)I B)me
C)him D)he
3．It was not until 1997 ______ I was interested in studying English．
A)when B)what
C)that D)since
4．It was ______ did it．
A)I whom B)me whom
C)I who D)me who
5．______ he’s doing is spoiling the whole thing．
A)That B)How
C)Why D)What
6． ______ is it that makes him always ready to help others?
A) What B) Which
C) When D) How
7．It was ______ he bought the book．
A)from a second-hand store where
B)a second-hand store in which
C)in a second-hand store that
D)a second-hand store from where
8．It was ______ the telephone rang．
A)when she was about to go out when
B)when she was about to go out where
C)that she was about to go out that
D)when she was about to go out that
9．It was in Germany ______ Einstein spent his childhood．
A)where B)in which
C)that D)during the time
10．It was ______ late in the evening that Tom returned home．
A)before B)when
C)till D)not until
11．It was ______ that he went out．
A)although it was raining B)though it was raining
C)since it was raining D)when it was raining
12．______ absent from class today?
A)It is why she is B)It is why is she
C)Why it is that is she D)Why is it that she it
13．Where ______ the first time?
A)was it that they met B)was it that did they meet
C)was it where they met D)was it that did they met
14．______ devised the automatic production line?
A)Who was it that B)Whom was it that
C)Who it was that he D)Whom was it that him
15．______ Tom gave Jane a handbag．
A)It was at Christmas when
B)It is at Christmas where
C)It was at Christmas since
D)It may have been at Christmas that
16．It is only when we look back on the past that______appreciate the great advances_____during this century．
A) can we…makes B) we can …to be made
C) we can…made D) can we…h(huán)ave made
17．It was between 1937 and 1945______Chinese people had a war against Japan．
A) when our B) that our
C) that we D) which
18．It______Shakespeare______the English language is so rich today．
A) is thanks to…that B) is thanks to …who
C) thanks to…whom D) was thanks to…that
19．More often it is the President,and not the members of his cabinet,______the populace．
A) who appeal to B) to whom appeal to
C) whom appeals to D) who appeals to
20．_______the Europeans began to learn how to use the compass on their ships．
A) It was not until the 12th century when
B) Hardly it was the 12th century than
C) No sooner it was the 12th century when
D) It was not until the 12th century that
第十六講關(guān)系從句
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
關(guān)系代詞的選用
關(guān)系副詞的選用
限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”的用法
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句，又叫作形容詞性從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的
名詞或代詞叫先行詞。用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語(yǔ)從
句一般放在先行詞之后。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．Mont Blanc,______we visited last summer,is the highest mountain in Europe．
A) where B) that
C) what D) which
2．The University is different from______it was before．
A) that B) which
C) one D) what
3．Watch the boy and the dog______are crossing the bridge．
A) who B) which
C) that D) whom
4．He is the best man______I have ever seen．
A) whom B) who
C) that D) which
5．He failed his exam,______proves that he wasn’t working hard enough．
A) what B) of which
C) which D) this
6．His brother had become a teacher,______he wanted to be.
A) which B) that
C) who D) as
7．The Astronomical Association______，meets once a week．
A) which I am a member
B) of which I am a member
C) ,which I am a member
D) ,of which I am a member
8． We’ve just installed a central heating, ______ should make a tremendous difference to the house next winter．
A) what B) it
C) that D) which
9． The days ______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past．
A) whenever B) wherever
C) on which D) in which
10．The fire started on the first floor of the hospital,many of ______ patients are elderly and infirm(體弱的).
A) whose B) which
C) its D) their
11．The argumentative form of writing is one ______ problems are discussed． A)of which B) in which
C) which D) that
12．I hope that the little ______ has been of some use．
A) which I have been able to do
B) that I have been able to do
C) ,that I have been able to do
D) what I have been able to do
13．Dante, ______ in the thirteenth century,was an outstanding Italian poet．
A) who was born B) that was born
C) which was born D) whom was born
14．The man, ______ is parked in front of our house,is a famous physician in this town．
A) the red car of which B) of whom the red car
C) who’s red car D) whose red car
15．The United States is composed of fifty states,______ are separated from the others by land or water．
A) two of these B) of whom two
C) two of which D) two of who
16． I know of a compound ______ structure is like this．
A) whose B) that
C) which D) of whom
17．Hangzhou,______ we spent last spring,is one of the most beautiful cities in China．
A) which B) that
C) where D) when
18． The size of the audience, ______,was well over twenty thousand．
A) whom we had expected B) as we had expected
C) what we had expected D) we had expected
19．The meeting is put off till next month, ______．
A) what is it exactly what we want
B) which is exactly what we want
C) though it is exactly what do we want
D) being it exactly what we want
20．That is the place ______ when he was there．
A) in where he lived B) in which he lived in
C) which he lived in D) he lived
21．There is no one of us ______ to go．
A) but wishes B) whoever wishes
C) but wishing D) whom wish
22．The time will come ______ man can fly to ______ he likes in the universe．
A) how;where B) when;wherever
C) where;where D) what;which
23．Do you know the student ______?
A) whom I often talk B) with who I often talk
C) I often talk with D) that I often talk
24．There are few areas in the world ______ be grown successfully．
A) where apricots can B) that apricots
C) apricots that can D) where can apricots
25．Caves and hollow trees are not the only places ______．
A) where are found bats B) where bats are found in
C) where bats are found D) in which bats to find
26．This was the place ______ last year．
A) which I visited B) where I visited
C) when I visited D) in which I visited
27．Larry Chan ______， was here yesterday．
A) whom we had heard so much
B) ,about whom we had heard so much
C) ,whom we had heard so much
D) about whom we had heard so much
28． The audience, ______,enjoyed the performance very much．
A) most of them were students
B) most of whom were students
C) most of which were students
D) most of whom being students
29．That tree, ______ are almost bare,is a very old one．
A) whose branches B) its branches
C) which’s branches D) on which the branches
30．He studied hard at school when he was young ______ contributes to his success in later life．
A) , which B) that
C) which D) so that
31．My eldest sister ______ is now studying in the University．
A) who is twenty B) , who is twenty,
C) ,that is twenty, D) whose age is twenty,
32．Mr Smith will move into his new house next Monday,______ it will be completely finished．
A) by that time B) by which time
C) by then D) by the time
33．The reason ______ he gives for not coming is that his mother wont let him．
A) for which B) which
C) why D) about which
34．Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,______ have been mentioned in previous pages．
A) a few of it B) a few of that
C) a few of them D) a few of which
35．The ______ why Elaine didn’t turn up was not made clear．
A) cause B) reason
C) matter D) excuse
36．She has made another wonderful discovery,_______ of great importance to science．
A) of which I think B) I think which is
C) which I think is D) which it is
37．A harvester is a machine _______ we harvest crops or a person ______ is harvesting．
A) which.......who B) with which.......who
C) that.......that D) that.......who
38． The buses,_______ were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd．
A) most of that B) which most
C) most of which D) that most
39． Never say anything behind a person’s back _______ you wouldn’t say to his face．
A) which B) what
C) that D) as
40． The passengers and the suitcases _______ were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane．
A) who B) which
C) that D) what
41． She spent all evening talking about her latest book,_______ none of us had ever heard．
A) of what B) which
C) of which D) that
42． An element is a substance all of _______ atoms have the same atomic number．
A) that B) what
C) whose D) which
43． Do you know the blacksmith,two sons _______ died in the Civil War?
A) which B) of whom
C) whom D) of which
44． The doctors all blamed the irresponsible boy _______ to protect the little girl．
A) it was he that was B) it was whose duty
C) whose duty was it D) whose duty it was
45． Such people _______ you described are rare nowadays．
A) who B) which
C) as D) that
第十七講名詞性從句
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
主語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲兴鸬恼Z(yǔ)法作用，又
分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．We do ______ our motherland asks us to do．
A) that B) whichever C) whatever D) all over
2．It is strange ______ she did not come yesterday．
A) what B) that C) wherever D) whenever
3．You should understand that our principle is ______ the Party commands the gun．
A) as if B) what C) how D) that
4．The story is about ______ a nineyearold boy managed to save a fiveyearold girl in a traffic accident．
A)how B)what C)however D)why
5．It is essential ______ everybody ______ what to do．
A) that;know B) when;know
C) that;knows D) when;knows
6．______ water is essential to life is common sense．
A) What B) Which C) That D) Whether
7．It ______ I remembered the address．
A) happened when B) will happen when
C) happened tha D) happens that
8．______ the ship sank has been a mystery．
A) What B) As C)Why D)Since
9．It doesn’t make any difference to me ______．
A) that you say B) what you say
C) in that you say D) for what you say
10．I can’t figure out ______ all of her information means．
A) what B) nearly C) that D) those
11．He gave ______ came to the door a winning smile．
A) all B) those C) whom D) whoever
12．The point ______ will go,but who will stay．
A) who B) is not who
C) that is D) to who
13．He paid no attention to the doctors recommendation ______ smoking．
A) that he stopped B) why he would stop
C) how he had stopped D) that he stop
14． We have to face the fact ______ most of us have been brought up to consume certain foods and we stick to them all our lives．
A) that B) which
C) for what D) for that
15． ______ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known．
A) As B) Since C) Although D) When
16．Everybody is ______ all military adventures by the superpowers are doomed to failure．
A) conscious of the fact that B) conscious of that
C) conscious of D) known that
17．He knew nothing about her journey ______ she was likely to be away for two months．
A) except for B) except
C) except that D) except this that
18．— I don’t like your attitude．
— I don’t care ______．
A) if or not you like it B) do you like it or not
C) whether you like it or not D) you like it or not
19．Things are not always ______ they seem to be．
A) since B) as C) for D) that
20．I consider ______ that I should do my best to help them．
A) my duty B) what my duty
C) to be my duty D) it my duty
21．______ doctors can save the man’s life．
A) It is unlikely whoever B) It is unlikely that
C) It is unlikely whomever D) That is unlikely that
22．I ______ they were not coming．
A) took it for granted that B) took for granted how
C) took for granted that D) taking to the fact that
23．He got up too late with the result ______ he missed the morning train．
A) when B) how C) why D)that
24．The reason I did not go to France was ______ a new job．
A) because I got B) due to
C) because of getting D) that I got
25．There are many reasons ______ I can’t help you．
A) that B) why C) for D) to
26．It is a wonder to me ______ they survived the earthquake．
A) where B) why C) what D) that
27．When we are frightened and worried,our bodies produce certain chemicals
to help us fight ______ troubling us．
A) how is that B) which is
C) what is D) whichever
28． My father was sure ______ I would overcome my fears．
A) that B) what C) as D) which
29． Are you certain that this is ______ in his speech?
A) Mr Lee stressed B) what Mr Lee has stressed
C) Mr Lee has stressed D) which Mr Lee has stressed
30．The time for the general offensive was approaching．The commander’s order soon came ______ all civilians evacuate(撤離) the village．
A) that B) when C) before D) as
31． He wondered what _______．
A) will be his wife’s reaction
B) would be his wife’s reaction
C) would his wife’s reaction be
D) his wife’s reaction would be
32． Has _______ been settled who will be sent to carry out the task?
A) it B) that
C) which D) what
33． _______it will do us harm or good remains to be seen．
A) If B) Whether
C) That D) Which
34． The old lady told her sufferings to _______ she met．
A) whoever B) whom that
C) whomever D) whichever
35． _______as much as onefourth of all timber harvested is not used．
A) They are estimated B) They estimating that
C) It is estimated that D) The estimation that
36． _______ is related to illness is not a new discovery．
A) The food B) That food
C) What food D) Which food
37． I’m fully confident _______ you can overcome those difficulties．
A) that B) why
C) which D) if
38． It is the firm belief of astronomers _______ there are living creatures on other planets．
A) which B) where
C) that D) what
39． _______ such a total wreck seems miraculous．
A) The driver could surviveB) That the driver survived
C) When the driver survivedD) Why the driver survived
40． Many newspapers printed the governor’s statement _______ would support a tax cut．
A) and he B) which he
C) therefore he D) that he
第十八講狀語(yǔ)從句
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
原因狀語(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句
目的狀語(yǔ)從句
比較狀語(yǔ)從句
方式狀語(yǔ)從句
程度/結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
在句子中起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句前(通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi))
，也可位于主句之后(不需用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi))。狀語(yǔ)從句可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、
方式、比較、目的和結(jié)果等意義。不同的狀語(yǔ)從句要求用不同的從屬連詞或相當(dāng)于從屬連詞
的詞組引出。因此，可以說(shuō)，掌握狀語(yǔ)從句用法的關(guān)鍵在于熟記引導(dǎo)各種狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連
詞和詞組。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．______ we have all the material ready,we should begin the new task at once．A) Since that B) Since then
C) By now D) Now that
2．______ you go, ______ you do,I will be right here waiting for you．
A) Whatever;wherever B) Wherever；whatever
C) Whenever;whichever D) Where ；what
3．Take this baggage and ______ you can find enough space．
A) put it which place B) put it wherever
C) put it which D) put it there
4．______ nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip．
A) Seen that B) Seeing that
C) So D) When
5．It was ______ everyone went to the beach．
A) such a hot weather so B) such hot weather that
C) a hot enough weather so that D) a very hot weather
6．We had to put the meeting off ______ so many comrades were absent．
A) unless B) since
C) as far as D) though
7．The fuel must have been finished, ______ the engine stopped．
A) since B) as
C) because D)for
8．______,Betty did not accept Bert’s proposal．
A) A fool though he is B) Fool what he were
C) A fool since he was D) Fool that he is
9．I can’t altogether agree ______．
A) while you may be right B) though you may be right
C) while you were right D) while you are right
10．______, he could not solve the problem at once．
A) Whenever he were here B) Though were he here
C) Even if he were here D) Whether he were
11．You can come with me to the museum ______ you don’t mind walking for half an hour．
A) so far as B) unless
C) except D) if
12．______ that factory was set up,my brother has been an engineer there．
A) While B) Since
C) Till D) Whenever
13．The more I looked at the painting in water colours,______．
A) the more I liked it B) more I liked it
C) I liked it more D) it looked better
14．We won’t change our minds ______ happens．
A) which B) it
C) however D) whatever
15．He had to borrow a little money from his uncle ______ he could finish his education without working．
A) when B) that
C) so that D) in order to
16．It was ______ a hundred people could live in it．
A) too large room that B) so a large room that
C) such large a room that D) so large a room that
17．Some of the stars are ______ far away ______ it is impossible for us to
measure them．
A) such.......that B) so.......that
C) too.......that D) too.......enough
18．______ he had discovered his error,he made the necessary correction of
his data．
A) As soon as B) In order that
C) No matter how D) Even if
19．______ people say, I am sure that he is innocent．
A) Whoever B) Whatever
C) However D) Whenever
20．You will be welcomed no matter ______ you come．
A) how B) what
C) when D) who
21．The student puts up his hand ______ I ask a question．
A) all time B) every time
C) by the time D) in time
22．It was necessary to extend the factory building ______ the company was doing more and more business．
A) until B) lest
C) although D) as
23．______ we have no money,we can’t buy the freezer．
A) However B) Since
C) For D) Because of
24．Peter worked hard day and night ______ he could pay for the lost car．
A) in order that B) as long as
C) the moment D) not until
25．______difficult it may be,we can finish it in time．
A) Whatever B) No matter who
C) No matter how D) No matter what
26． They didn’t allow their son to swim in the sea _______ he might have an accident some day．
A) so that B) besides
C) otherwise D) for fear that
27． _______ the dictionary,he could not afford to buy it．
A) He liked very much B) As he liked much
C) Much as he liked D) Liked as he
28． There are _______ few schools in that area that they cannot enroll
_______ many students．
A) such...so B) so...so
C) such...such D) so...such
29． _______ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator,the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west．
A) Where B) That
C) And D) At
30． _______ that there was no possibility of avoiding a crash,the fishermen decided to dive into the sea．
A) because of B) Owing to
C) Seeing D) As a result
31． He had _______ education when young owing to his poor family background that he finds that he is not up to his present job．
A) such a little B) so little an
C) such little D) so little
32． _______ I sympathize with you,I’m afraid there is little I can do．
A) No matter B) While
C) If D) Because
33． _______,he never helps the poor．
A) As he is rich B) He,though is rich
C) Rich as he is D) He is rich
34． You can fly to London this evening _______ you don’t mind changing
planes in Paris．
A) so far as B) unless
C) provided D) except
35． They went _______ they could find work．
A) the place B) that
C) wherever D) and
第十九講倒裝句
I.學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
以so / neither / nor / no more開(kāi)頭的倒裝句
以only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)的倒裝句
以否定詞開(kāi)頭的倒裝句
省略了if的倒裝的虛擬條件從句
there be存在倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
as 引導(dǎo)的倒裝的原因狀語(yǔ)從句
so / such…that引導(dǎo)的程度 / 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
以表示“地點(diǎn)”的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的倒裝句
以be開(kāi)頭的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
動(dòng)詞原形+疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+may / will表示的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
程度 / 頻度狀語(yǔ)在句首的倒裝句
V-ing形式 ／ V-ed形式在句首的倒裝句
Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)講解
英語(yǔ)最基本的語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”，這叫作正常語(yǔ)序或自然語(yǔ)序。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放到
主語(yǔ)之前，這就是倒裝。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移至主語(yǔ)之前，就形成全部倒裝；如果只是把助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，這稱(chēng)為部分倒裝。倒裝的原因有兩個(gè)：語(yǔ)法的需要和修辭的需要。英語(yǔ)
倒裝句是歷年英語(yǔ)考試的重點(diǎn)之一。
Ⅲ．自測(cè)題
1．______ the first to use nuclear weapons．
A) Will China never be B) At no time will China be
C) Never China will be D) At no time China will be
2．Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion．
A) you will B) you can
C) can you D) would you
3．Hardly ever ______ get a good job these days without a good education.
A) have people B)people can
C) people might D) do people
4．Only yesterday ______ what was going on．
A) did I realize B) had I realized
C) I realized D) I did realize
5．Under no circumstances ______ cheques．
A) we can accept B) can we accept
C) we will accept D) we could accept
6．Hardly ______ when I had a new problem to cope with．
A) had I arrived B) I had arrived
C) have I arrived D) I arrived
7．Wood does not conduct electricity,______．
A) so doesn’t rubber B) also doesn’t rubber
C) nor does rubber D) nor rubber does
8．I failed to catch the train,______．
A)so Mary did B) so did Mary
C)neither did Mary D) neither Mary did
9．______,you won’t be able to do it alone．
A)However you try hard B)You try hard however
C)However hard you try D)Hard you try however
10．By no means ______ create or destroy energy．
A) we can B) we can’t
C) can we D) shall we
11．Rarely ______ such a silly thing．
A) have I heard of B) I have been heard of
C) have I been heard of D) I have heard of
12．No sooner had they heard the alarm ______ to the fire spot．
A) when they rushed B) than did they rush
C) when did they rush D) than they rushed
13．Not until 1876 ______．
A) was the first turbine engine invented
B) the first turbine engine was invented
C) the first turbine engine had been invented
D) had the first turbine engine been invented
14． Scarcely ______ when the assassins shot him down．
A) he did finish his election address
B) had he finished his election address
C) did he finish his election address
D) he had finished his election address
15． Not once ______ his view of life．
A) the gentleman mentioned that
B) has the gentleman being mentioned
C) did the gentleman mention
D) the gentleman mentioned
16． ______, I must do another experiment．
A) So late it be ever B) Be it ever so late
C) It is ever so late D) It be ever so late
17． ______ run fast．
A) Not every horse can B) Not can every horse
C) Not every horse D) Not does every horse
18．So ______ that his father gave him permission．
A) earnest did the boy beg B) earnest the boy begged
C) earnestly did the boy beg D) earnestly the boy begged
19．So ______ that it is hard for us to imagine its speed．
A) fast light travels B) fast does light travel
C) light travels fast D) does light travels fast
20．To such lengths ______ with his dirty stories that everybody began to be disgusted．
A) did he go B) he did go
C) he went D) had he went
21． ______in your place, I would give it up early．
A) Was I B) I was
C) Were I D) I were
22． ______ is the volume of chemical goods．
A) Constantly growing too B) Too constantly growing
C) Growing constantly too D) Too growing constant
23．Not only ______ affected by the new law．
A) are men but also are women B) are men but also women
C) men but also are women D) men but also women are
24． Little difficulty ______ in performing the operation．
A) we met B) we met with
C) did we meet D) did not we meet with
25．To this class of substances ______ glass,wood,etc．
A) is belong B) are belonged to
C) belong D) belongs
26．What Tom did was important,but ______．
A) more important the way of he did things was
B) the way of he did things was more important
C) more important was the way he did things
D) more important the way were he did things
27．Don’t be disappointed．You can’t do it, ______ anybody else．
A) neither can I,nor can B) nor can I,nor can
C) nor can I,neither can D) neither can I,nor can
28．Come and work for our company．Nowhere else ______ such a good place to develop your knowledge．
A) can you find B) you find
C) you can find D) find you
29． If my husband refuses to sign the papers,______．
A) neither will I B) I will so
C) neither I will D) so will I
30． ______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work．
A) There existed B) It existed
C) There had D) They had
31． ______,it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with lazer．
A) As diamond is hard B) Although hard diamond is
C) Hard as diamond is D) However diamond is hard
32． ______,I will learn it well．
A) However difficult English is
B) No matter how difficult is English
C) However English is difficult
D) No matter how English is difficult
33． ______ received law degrees as today．
A) Never so many women have
B) Never have so many women
C) Women so many have never
D) Women who have never
34． ______ will Mr．Forbes be able to regain control of the company．
A) Only with hard work B) Only if he works hardly
C) With hard work D) In spite of his hard work
35． ______ the serious consequences of the accident．
A) Nothing did she realize B) Little did she realize
C) Never she realized D) Ever she realized
36．_______in the hospital that he paid no attention to the sufferings in the wards．
A)He had worked too many years
B)For so many years he had worked
C)For so many years had he worked
D)For many years had he worked
37．Very important in the farmers life_______．
A)the radio weather reports is
B)the radio weather report are
C)is the radio weather report
D)are the radio weather report
38．_______to all these distractions was the constant road noise from highways．
A)Adding B)Added
C)To add D)Having added
39．Three miles away from the sea______which used to be a paradise of migratory birds．
A )the farm lay B)lay the farm
C)did the farm lie D)the farm did lie
40．Only in recent years when the global climate is becoming warmer and warmer_____to notice the grave situation of the atmosphere．
A)people have begun B)that people began
C)have people begun D)and people do begin
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