五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2.時(shí)間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他
4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他
5.一般疑問句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)
一、選擇填空
1.—Have you got any pieces of paper?
—Yes, I _____ .
A. have got B. have C. had one D. did
2.Have you ever _____ to a foreigner?
A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. to speak
3.Let’s forget _____ thing.
A. the all B. all the C. whole the D. the whole
4.Can you find the answer _____ the question?
A. to B. of C. in D. at
5.She’s never read the book before, _____ ?
A. has she B. hasn’t sheC. isn’t she D. wasn’t she?
二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.I ____ just ____ (finish) my homework.
2.He ____ (go) to school on foot every day.
3. ____ you ____ (find) your science book yet?
4.If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I’ll go with you.
5.She doesn’t like the children ____ (play) in the room.
6.The students ____ (read) English when the teacher came in.
7.Look! The monkey ____ (climb) the tree.
8.My mother ____ (come) to see me next Sunday.
9.How many sheep ____ you ____ (get)? Only one.
10.I’ve lost my pen. ____ you ____ (see) it anywhere?
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
?。? knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
?。? already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
?。? just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
?。? is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
?。? has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
?。? has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
?。? was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
?。? has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
?。? know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
?。? will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
?。? will they go Ｂ. did they go
?。? do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
?。? Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
?。? were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
?。? has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
?。?has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
?。? have been in Ｂ. have been to
?。? have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1、He has never learned, ?（改成反意疑問句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)
have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)
___________________________________________
各種時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題
（1）My uncle_________ (be) in this city for many years.
（2）She_________ (not play) football these days.
（3）He_________ never_________ (meet) a foreigner.
（4）There_________ (be) a meeting tomorrow. Please_________
( come) on time.
（5）How long_________ you uncle_________ (live) in Beijing？
（6）They_________ (write) letters the whole morning. They
didn't have a rest.
（7）Look! The children_________ (play) in the park.
（8）Yesterday I_________ (go) to_________ (see) a film. On my
way to the cinema, I_________ (meet) your mother there.
We_________ (talk) a lot.We_________ (be) very happy.
（9）We_________ (have) a good time in the Summer Palace last
Sunday.
（10）He _________ (break) his left leg in the accident
yesterday. His friends _______(take) him to hospital at
once.
（11）Stop _________ (talk), class begins now." The teacher
says. All the students stop ________(listen) to the
teacher.
（12）Don't forget ________ (close) the window when you leave
the room.
（13） Why not__________ (go) to the park with me tomorrow?
（14）My mother asked me ________ (help) her _________ (clean)
the room.
（15）Miss Green_________ (teach)in that school since about ten
years ago.
透析中考英語語法時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)
【時(shí)態(tài)命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】
時(shí)態(tài)是高考命題的重點(diǎn),.主要考查考生在具體語境、特殊語境中對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)以及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查則是重中之重，故考生在掌握特殊情況下表達(dá)一般時(shí)的同時(shí)，應(yīng)更加注重進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)以及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的運(yùn)用。
【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考查
1．考查其基本概念：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與表示頻度的副詞如 often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally 等和時(shí)間狀語如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, every day / week / month / year, on Sundays 等連用。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示主語的特征、能力或狀態(tài)以及普遍真理。
【考例】The woman and her husband __________in the same office. [廣東省]
A. work B. works C. is working D. has worked
[答案]A．[解析]本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“這個(gè)婦女和她丈夫在同一個(gè)辦公室工作”。句中雖然沒有時(shí)間狀語，但是可以從句意上看出是經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故動(dòng)詞用原形work。
2．考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法：在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as, the minute / second / moment, the next time 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語中或由 if, so / as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
【考例】--I'm sorry that John is out.
--Please ask him to call me as soon as he______________.[成都市]
A. returned B. returns C. will return
[答案]B．[解析]考查以as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句。 以as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
二、對(duì)一般過去時(shí)的考查
一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。 有時(shí)句子中雖然不含表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，但根據(jù)語境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而且與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系，也需用一般過去時(shí)。
【考例】一What did you do after school yesterday?
一I ________basketball with my friends．[北京市]
A play B played C will play D．a(chǎn)m playing
[答案]B．[解析]由上句“昨天放學(xué)后你在干什么？”句意可知對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情詢問，回答也應(yīng)用過去式。故選B。
一Mr. Green，____you ____Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday?
一No．but I'll visit them next week. [福州市]
A． will；go to B have；been to C did；go to D．have；gone to
[答案]C．[解析]本題是一個(gè)單純考查時(shí)態(tài)的題目。A項(xiàng)是一般將來時(shí)，B、D兩項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，c項(xiàng)是一般過去時(shí)。句中有一個(gè)典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語"last Sunday"，類似這樣的時(shí)間狀語，往往與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞連用，所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
His family the zoo last week. [吉林省]
A. visit B. am visiting C. visited D. will visit
[答案]C．[解析] 由關(guān)鍵信息last week(表過去)可直接選C。
三、對(duì)一般將來時(shí)的考查
一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時(shí)有多種表達(dá)法：
1．be going to do 表示計(jì)劃、安排或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情。
2．“shall / will + do”單純表示將來，不含計(jì)劃、安排之意；有時(shí)表示主語的臨時(shí)決斷。
3．be about to do sth 表示馬上就要發(fā)生某事，通常不與時(shí)間狀語連用，常用于be about to do...when... 結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“正要……突然……”。
4．某些主要用于表示動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如：come, go, leave, start, arrive, meet, move, sail, begin, fall, marry, publish, see, stay等，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，指的是按計(jì)劃安排或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的事。
5．“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。
6．祈使句 + or / and + 一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的并列句”句型中
【考例】I the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow．[北京市]
A. will return B returned C have returned D return
[答案]A．[解析] 考查if引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。以if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，若主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
--Mum, what are you doing?
--Your uncle has come. I_______ put an extra fork on the table. [太原市]
A. will B. have C. would
[答案]A．[解析]本題重在考查一般將來時(shí)的用法。從問句"What are you doing"推知A項(xiàng)will最適合語境。
--Look at the noisy kids!
--Haven't you heard the saying "When the cat is away, the mice ________. "?[河南省]
A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play
[答案]D．[解析]諺語。固定用法。
四、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或目前所處的狀態(tài)。有些動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事情。
【考例】Jack has never been to Disneyland before，but he ____there this summer．[沈陽市]
A． has been． B is going C went D．goes
[答案]B．[解析] 依據(jù)句意：“杰克以前沒有去過迪斯尼樂園，但今年夏天他打算去?！眎s going正在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，故選B。
五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查ww.5zk53u.ecom
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法主要有兩點(diǎn)：
1．過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常用的時(shí)間狀語有yet, already, just, ever, never, now, before, lately, recently。
2．表示某動(dòng)作從過去開始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。常用的時(shí)間狀語有today, this week, these days, so far, up to now, since, ever since, since then, by this time, for years / ages, for a long time, several times, in / over the past few years, “since + 過去某一時(shí)刻”,“for + 時(shí)間段”等。有時(shí)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。
【考例】Hearing that she __the entrance exam to the university，F(xiàn)udy is thrilled．[青島市]
A．has failed in B. is succeeded in C．is failed in D．has succeed in
[答案]D。[解析]本題考查詞義辨析 由“聽說他成功地通過了考試，Judy非常興奮?！笨芍xD。
——It's raining! When did it start?
一I don't know exactly．In fact，it _________all this afternoon. [北京市]
A1asts B has 1asted C．1asted D．will 1ast
[答案]B．[解析]考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。從句意“事實(shí)上，已持續(xù)了整整一個(gè)下午了”，不難看出，不能用一般過去時(shí)，此句中l(wèi)ast"持續(xù)”作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。從信息"all this afternoon"可知。
--Are you going to see the film with us?
--No, thanks. I _________ it. [廣東省]
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing
[答案]B．[解析]本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由對(duì)話的語境可推測(cè)句意“我已看過這部電影”，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
--Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?
--Sorry. He _________ theXuanwuLakePark. [南京市]
A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. will go to
[答案]C．[解析] 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。have gone to(到某地去了，還沒有回來)；have been to(去過某地，已經(jīng)回來了)。
Jane _________. I'm waiting for her. [成都市]
A. came back B. has come back C. hasn't come back
[答案]C．[解析]考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后句句意：“我正在等她”可知。
6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)ww.zk533u.ecom
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來解釋某種行為的原因。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可表示過去將來時(shí)。
【考例】——Dick gave me a note while I ___________in the library．
一I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you．[黃岡市]
A． are reading B was reading C reads D．will read
[答案]B．[解析] 考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。while引導(dǎo)的句子，當(dāng)主句用一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候?從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
--I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer.
--Oh, sorry. I ________ with my cousin in the supermarket. [安徽省]
A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop
[答案]B．[解析] 此處意為你打電話的那個(gè)時(shí)候我正在超市，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
7.被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查
—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. (江西)
A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told
[答案]：D
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：依據(jù)句意：對(duì)不起，但我不知道什么時(shí)候見面。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，I 和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear. (上海)
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down
[答案]：B
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：由題干時(shí)間next year 科知識(shí)將來時(shí)態(tài)，句子主語是old houses ,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。
--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found. (浙江)
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
[答案]：A
[命題立意]：本題考查交際用語中時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知，說明表丟失了。故選A。
---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________. (年湖北宜昌)
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
[答案]：B
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陳述過去的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，I 和invite之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。
-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______? (南通)
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
[答案]：C
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：How often+一般疑問句？此句型用來提問在某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作的次數(shù)，表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”。往往針對(duì)頻度副詞如：always, seldom, usually, once a month,
sometimes, every five minutes.等提問，常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)。由題干your school sports meeting 作主語，謂語應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。ww.zk523u.ecom
On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. (泰州)
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
[答案]：D
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：由On May 30th, ,可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去；其主語是one bowl與sell存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" _____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening. (徐州)
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards
[答案]：A
[命題立意]：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：依據(jù)題意： “千手觀音” 被許多人認(rèn)為是中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)最好的節(jié)目。表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。其主語是The "Thousand- hand Guanyin"，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選A。
—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ inHangzhou. (杭州)
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
[答案]:C
[命題立意]：本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主語是物，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選C.。
------Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”
-------Sorry. (2004年襄樊市)
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
[答案]: D
[命題立意]：本題考查含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。
[試題解析]：依據(jù)句意：垃圾必須扔進(jìn)垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主語是垃圾，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【語法過關(guān)】
1.I like my new bike. It ______ very well.
A rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
2.Cotton ______ nice and soft.
A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
3.The world ______. Things never stay the same.
A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change
4.--- Have you ever______ Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?
--- Yes, I have.
A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
5.I'm sorry you've missed the train, It______10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left
6. --- Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick?
--- John ____________.
A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is
7.—Mum? May I go out and play basketball?
—______ you_____ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
8.—Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
—No, I______ it for two years.
had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
9.—Will your mother______ you if you______ the English exam?
—Of course not. Because I am trying my best.
A. be angry with, don't pass B. be angry with, won't pass
C. be angry to, don't pass D. be angry to, won't pass
10.Listen! Some of the girls __________ about Harry Potter . Let's join them!
are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked
11.Our teacher , Miss Chen, __________ English on the radio the day before yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught
12.I don't think I __________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see
13. She will have a holiday as soon as she ___________ the work next week.
A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish
14.---Where is Mr Green now ? I haven't seen him for a few days.
---He ___________ toHong Kong.
A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone
15. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher ____________.
A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real
16.-I won't come to the party unless Sue ______, too.
-You mean if Sue comes you'll come?
will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
17.-Do you still have a headache, Billy?
-No, it's ______. I'm all right now, mum.
A .dropped B. run C. left D. gone
18.-What are on show in the museum?
-Some photos ______ by African children.
A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken
19.A talk on Chinese history ___ in the school hall next week.
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
20. You may go fishing if your work ____________.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
21. The Olympic Games, first celebrated inAthensin 1896, every four years ________so far this century, except during the two world wars.
A. are held B. were held C. have been held D. had been held
22．A new cinema ____here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
23．The new suspension bridge ___by the end of last month.
has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
24．Visitors ______not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested
25．— Were they good to you during your stay there?
— Sure ! I ________ one of the family there.
A. was treated as B. was treated like C. had been looked on like D. had been considered like
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