揭秘：世界上最難翻譯的二十個(gè)詞

http://www.sina.com.cn 2011年06月14日 16:02 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)-英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津

　　1. Toska

　　Russian – Vladmir Nabokov describes it best: “No single word in English renders all the shades of toska. At its deepest and most painful, it is a sensation of great spiritual anguish, often without any specific cause. At less morbid levels it is a dull ache of the soul, a longing with nothing to long for, a sick pining, a vague restlessness, mental throes, yearning. In particular cases it may be the desire for somebody of something specific, nostalgia, love-sickness. At the lowest level it grades into ennui, boredom。”

　　俄語(yǔ)，作家弗拉基米爾·納博科夫?qū)@個(gè)詞的描述是：“英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有哪個(gè)詞能精確表達(dá)toska的含義，這個(gè)詞表達(dá)了一種深刻的精神上的痛楚，通常這痛楚是無(wú)由來(lái)的。它也可以表達(dá)程度比較輕的、靈魂的隱痛，一種沒(méi)有思慕對(duì)象的渴求、一種憂愁的思念，一種微弱的憂慮不安感、精神上的劇痛、渴望。在某些特定情況下這個(gè)詞可以表達(dá)對(duì)特定對(duì)象的渴求，比如鄉(xiāng)愁、相思。這個(gè)詞程度最輕的含義是無(wú)聊、煩悶。”

　　小編注：……以后不說(shuō)什么憂傷了，說(shuō)toska

　　2. Mamihlapinatapei

　　Yagan (indigenous language of Tierra del Fuego) – “the wordless, yet meaningful look shared by two people who both desire to initiate something but are both reluctant to start”

　　火地島的一種土語(yǔ)，意為：兩個(gè)同樣抱有做某件事的決心但都不愿著手行動(dòng)的人彼此間交換的一種無(wú)言而意味深長(zhǎng)的眼神。

　　小編注：其實(shí)就是考試前想要好好背單詞復(fù)習(xí)的兩個(gè)人一起進(jìn)行最后的思想斗爭(zhēng)……

　　3. Jayus

　　Indonesian – “A joke so poorly told and so unfunny that one cannot help but laugh”

　　印尼語(yǔ)：一個(gè)拙劣的笑話，太搓了以至于聽(tīng)者都覺(jué)得很好笑。

　　小編注：……其實(shí)就是冷笑話吧……好冷！

　　4. Iktsuarpok

　　Inuit – “To go outside to check if anyone is coming。”

　　因紐特語(yǔ)：出去看看是不是有人來(lái)了。

　　小編注：精煉?。?/p>

　　5. Litost

　　Czech – Milan Kundera, author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being, remarked that “As for the meaning of this word, I have looked in vain in other languages for an equivalent, though I find it difficult to imagine how anyone can understand the human soul without it。” The closest definition is a state of agony and torment created by the sudden sight of one’s own misery。

　　捷克語(yǔ)：米蘭昆德拉說(shuō)，這個(gè)詞“其他語(yǔ)言中都無(wú)法找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ)，我認(rèn)為不懂得這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的含義的人，也就不懂得靈魂。” 最接近這個(gè)詞義的解釋是：一種因突然明了自身的困境而產(chǎn)生的痛苦感。

　　小編注：“了悟”說(shuō)的是這個(gè)么0. 0

　　6. Kyoikumama

　　Japanese – “A mother who relentlessly pushes her children toward academic achievement”

　　日語(yǔ)：一個(gè)無(wú)情無(wú)義逼迫自己孩子學(xué)業(yè)有成的母親

　　小編注：虎媽，解釋完畢。

　　7. Tartle

　　Scottish – The act of hestitating while introducing someone because you’ve forgotten their name。

　　蘇格蘭語(yǔ)：介紹某人的時(shí)候因?yàn)橥浰拿侄q豫的情形。

　　小編注：蘇格蘭人記性是有多差……

　　8. Ilunga

　　Tshiluba (Southwest Congo) – A word famous for its untranslatability, most professional translators pinpoint it as the stature of a person “who is ready to forgive and forget any first abuse, tolerate it the second time, but never forgive nor tolerate on the third offense。”

　　剛果西南部的奇盧伯語(yǔ)：以無(wú)法翻譯著稱，許多翻譯大師都將這個(gè)詞解釋為：一個(gè)第一次受辱可以忘記、第二次可以原諒、但第三次就絕不容忍的人的思想境界。

　　小編注：剛果人民有君子風(fēng)范！上海話中有對(duì)應(yīng)表達(dá)：過(guò)一過(guò)二不過(guò)三~~

　　9. Prozvonit

　　Czech – This word means to call a mobile phone and let it ring once so that the other person will call back, saving the first caller money. In Spanish, the phrase for this is “Dar un toque,” or, “To give a touch。”

　　捷克語(yǔ)：這個(gè)詞表示打某人手機(jī)，響鈴一次就掛斷，好讓那個(gè)人再打回來(lái)，這樣第一個(gè)打電話的人可以省錢。這個(gè)詞在西班牙語(yǔ)中是Dar un toque，字面對(duì)應(yīng)英語(yǔ)是To give a touch

　　小編注：你們考慮考慮要掏電話費(fèi)的那個(gè)人的心情……

　　10. Cafuné

　　Brazilian Portuguese – “The act of tenderly running one’s fingers through someone’s hair。”

　　巴西葡萄牙語(yǔ)：溫柔地用手撫摸一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)

　　小編注：穿過(guò)你的黑發(fā)我的手……

11. Schadenfreude

German – This refers to the feeling of pleasure derived by seeing another’s misfortune.

德語(yǔ)：從他人的苦難中獲取樂(lè)趣

小編注：你有什么不開心的，說(shuō)出來(lái)讓大家開心開心，說(shuō)的是這個(gè)意思么？

12. Torschlusspanik

German – Translated literally, this word means “gate-closing panic,” but its contextual meaning refers to “the fear of diminishing opportunities as one ages.”

德語(yǔ)：直譯是“關(guān)門恐慌”，表示“因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)增長(zhǎng)而對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)的流失感到恐慌”

小編注：廉頗老矣，尚能飯否？

13. Wabi-Sabi

Japanese – Much has been written on this Japanese concept, but in a sentence, one might be able to understand it as “a way of living that focuses on finding beauty within the imperfections of life and accepting peacefully the natural cycle of growth and decay.”

日語(yǔ)：在句子中看到這個(gè)詞，可以理解為“在生活的不完美中找到美之所在、平靜地接受萬(wàn)物作息的循環(huán)”

小編注：東方的禪意生活

14. Dépaysement

French – The feeling that comes from not being in one’s home country.

法語(yǔ)：居于異鄉(xiāng)而產(chǎn)生的情感。

小編注：中文里的“客心”就是這個(gè)意思么？大江流日月，客心悲未央~

15. Tingo

Pascuense (Easter Island) – “the act of taking objects one desires from the house of a friend by gradually borrowing all of them.”

復(fù)活節(jié)島的當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言：以一天借一點(diǎn)的方式，把你喜歡的東西從朋友家一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)都拿光。

小編注：復(fù)活節(jié)島真可怕??！

16. Hyggelig

Danish – Its “literal” translation into English gives connotations of a warm, friendly, cozy demeanor, but it’s unlikely that these words truly capture the essence of a hyggelig; it’s likely something that must be experienced to be known. I think of good friends, cold beer, and a warm fire.

丹麥語(yǔ)：直譯的話或許可以表達(dá)“熱情的、有好的行為舉止”這樣的含義，但是這種詞語(yǔ)不足以表達(dá)這個(gè)詞的精髓，這也許是一種必須親身經(jīng)歷才能體會(huì)的的感受，比如好朋友、冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒、烤火之類的。

小編注：……于是這到底是個(gè)啥呢0. 0

17. L’appel du vide

French – “The call of the void” is this French expression’s literal translation, but more significantly it’s used to describe the instinctive urge to jump from high places.

法語(yǔ)：直譯是“空虛的呼喚”，它描述的是一種本能地想要從高處跳下的沖動(dòng)。

小編注：跳吧……你將融化在藍(lán)天里……恐高的人才不會(huì)有這種沖動(dòng)呢！

18. Ya’aburnee

Arabic – Both morbid and beautiful at once, this incantatory word means “You bury me,” a declaration of one’s hope that they’ll die before another person because of how difficult it would be to live without them.

阿拉伯語(yǔ)：又變態(tài)又美麗的一個(gè)詞，意為“你埋了我”，表達(dá)一種想要比另一個(gè)人早死的愿望，因?yàn)闊o(wú)法忍受TA死后自己獨(dú)活的痛苦。

小編注：阿拉伯人好浪漫?。。。。?！突然有種想學(xué)阿拉伯語(yǔ)的趕腳腫么辦！

19. Duende

Spanish – While originally used to describe a mythical, spritelike entity that possesses humans and creates the feeling of awe of one’s surroundings in nature, its meaning has transitioned into referring to “the mysterious power that a work of art has to deeply move a person.”

西班牙語(yǔ)：最先表示一種神秘的、令人對(duì)周遭環(huán)境產(chǎn)生敬畏之心的存在，如今詞義發(fā)生了變遷，表示“一件藝術(shù)作品所含有的打動(dòng)人心的神秘力量”。

小編注：中文里最難翻譯的“意境”，差不多可以對(duì)比一下么？

20. Saudade

Portuguese – One of the most beautiful of all words, translatable or not, this word “refers to the feeling of longing for something or someone that you love and which is lost.”

葡萄牙語(yǔ)，一切語(yǔ)言中最美的一個(gè)詞，表達(dá)“對(duì)已失去的深愛(ài)之人或物的懷念之情”。

小編注：中文所謂“此情可待成追憶，只是當(dāng)時(shí)已惘然”。

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揭秘：世界上最難翻譯的二十個(gè)詞