多線程編程(10) - 多線程同步之 Mutex (互斥對(duì)象)
原理分析:
互斥對(duì)象是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核對(duì)象, 各線程都可以擁有它, 誰(shuí)擁有誰(shuí)就能執(zhí)行;
執(zhí)行完畢, 用 ReleaseMutex 函數(shù)釋放擁有權(quán), 以讓其他等待的線程使用.
其他線程可用 WaitForSingleObject 函數(shù)排隊(duì)等候(等候也可以理解為排隊(duì)申請(qǐng)).
使用過(guò)程:
var hMutex: THandle; {應(yīng)該先聲明一個(gè)全局的互斥句柄}
CreateMutex {建立一個(gè)互斥對(duì)象}
WaitForSingleObject {用等待函數(shù)排隊(duì)等候}
ReleaseMutex {釋放擁有權(quán)}
CloseHandle {最后釋放互斥對(duì)象}
ReleaseMutex、CloseHandle 的參數(shù)都是 CreateMutex 返回的句柄, 關(guān)鍵是 CreateMutex 函數(shù):
function CreateMutex(
lpMutexAttributes: PSecurityAttributes;
bInitialOwner: BOOL; {是否讓創(chuàng)建者(此例中是主線程)擁有該互斥對(duì)象}
lpName: PWideChar {可以給此互斥對(duì)象取個(gè)名字, 如果不要名字可賦值為 nil}
): THandle;
{
1、第一個(gè)參數(shù)前面說(shuō)過(guò).
2、第二個(gè)參數(shù)在這里一定要是 False, 如果讓主線程擁有互斥, 從理論上講, 得等程序退出后其他線程才有機(jī)會(huì);
取值 False 時(shí), 第一個(gè)執(zhí)行的線程將會(huì)最先擁有互斥對(duì)象, 一旦擁有其他線程就得先等等.
3、第三個(gè)參數(shù), 如果給個(gè)名字, 函數(shù)將從系統(tǒng)中尋找是否有重名的互斥對(duì)象, 如果有則返回同名對(duì)象的存在的句柄;
如果賦值為 nil 將直接創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的互斥對(duì)象; 下個(gè)例子將會(huì)有名字. }
本例效果圖:
代碼文件:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
var
f: Integer; {用這個(gè)變量協(xié)調(diào)一下各線程輸出的位置}
hMutex: THandle; {互斥對(duì)象的句柄}
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
i,y: Integer;
begin
Inc(f);
y := 20 * f;
for i := 0 to 50000 do
begin
if WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
begin
Form1.Canvas.Lock;
Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
Sleep(0); {稍稍耽擱一點(diǎn), 不然有時(shí) Canvas 會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)不過(guò)來(lái)}
ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
end;
end;
Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
Repaint;
f := 0;
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
hMutex := CreateMutex(nil, False, nil);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
CloseHandle(hMutex);
end;
end.
窗體文件:object Form1: TForm1
Left = 0
Top = 0
Caption = 'Form1'
ClientHeight = 140
ClientWidth = 192
Color = clBtnFace
Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
Font.Color = clWindowText
Font.Height = -11
Font.Name = 'Tahoma'
Font.Style = []
OldCreateOrder = False
OnCreate = FormCreate
PixelsPerInch = 96
TextHeight = 13
object Button1: TButton
Left = 109
Top = 107
Width = 75
Height = 25
Caption = 'Button1'
TabOrder = 0
OnClick = Button1Click
end
end
SyncObjs 單元下有封裝好的 TMutex 類, 好像不如 Api 快, 內(nèi)部機(jī)制也稍有區(qū)別, 但使用方法差不多:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses SyncObjs;
var
f: Integer;
MyMutex: TMutex;
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
i,y: Integer;
begin
Inc(f);
y := 20 * f;
for i := 0 to 50000 do
begin
if MyMutex.WaitFor(INFINITE) = wrSignaled then
begin
Form1.Canvas.Lock;
Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
MyMutex.Release;
end;
end;
Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
Repaint;
f := 0;
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
MyMutex := TMutex.Create(False);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
MyMutex.Free;
end;
end.
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