歷年高考反意疑問句考點(diǎn)
反意疑問句,也叫附加疑問句,是一種常用的疑問形式,也是高考重點(diǎn)考查的語法項(xiàng)目之一。一般來講,在反意疑問句中如果前面的陳述部分用肯定形式,反意疑問句部分要用否定形式;若前面部分為否定形式,則后面問句部分要用肯定形式。
縱觀近年的高考試題,反意疑問句主要涉及以下幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)。
一、 考查反意疑問句的主語一致
1. 陳述句如果是there be ... 句型,則反意疑問句部份要用... there形式(而不用it或they)以與前面的陳述句保持一致。
考題1: There’s not much news in today’s paper, ___________? (1981全國)
A. isn’t it B. are there
C. is there D. aren’t there
考題2: There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _____________? (2005上海)
A. wasn’t there B. was there
C. didn’t it D. did it
2. 陳述句的主語如果是this,that,不定式短語、名詞、名詞短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句,則反意疑問句中的主語要用it;陳述句的主語是these,those時(shí),反意疑問句的主語用they。
考題3: Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,________? (2004上海)
A. isn’t it B. is it
C. isn’t he D. is he
解析: A。句中的主語是Bill’s aim,應(yīng)選擇isn’t it與此對應(yīng)。
3. 陳述句的主語如果是everyone (everybody), someone(somebody), anyone (anybody), no one, nobody, 則反意疑問句通常使用they。
考題4: I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ___________?(2001上海)
A. do I B. don’t I
C. will they D. won’t they
解析: C。句中的主語是anyone并且考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移,則選擇will they與此對應(yīng)。
4. 陳述部分以let’s開頭表示建議或請求,反意疑問句部分用shall we;當(dāng)陳述部分以let us(me)開頭,其含義是allow us / me to do something,即不包括聽話人在內(nèi),反意疑問句部分用will you。
考題5: It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing,___________ ?(1990全國)
A. won’t we B. will we
C. don’t we D. shall we
考題6: We forgot to bring out tickets, but please let us enter, __________ ?(2006全國Ⅱ)
A. do you B. can we
C. will you D. shall we
考題7: If you want help—money or anything, let me know,_____________ you? (2003上海春)
A. don’tB. willC. shallD. do
二、 考查否定轉(zhuǎn)移句的反意疑問句
反意疑問句通常要重復(fù)復(fù)合句中的主語,但在主句中如果含有 think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine, fancy等動(dòng)詞,并且后面接賓語從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句時(shí),其反意疑問句有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式。
1. 當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱時(shí),其反意疑問句部分的主語與賓語從句保持一致(這時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移)。
考題8: I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,___________ ? (2006福建)
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
考題9: I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,___________? (2001上海)
A. do I B. don’t I
C. will they D. won’t they
2. 當(dāng)主句的主語為第二、第三人稱時(shí),其后面的反意疑問句則應(yīng)與主句的主語一致。
考題10: Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_________ ? (2002上海)
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. doesn’t she D. does she
三、 考查反意疑問句的助動(dòng)詞
1. 反意疑問句是由助動(dòng)詞和代詞構(gòu)成。使用助動(dòng)詞的一般原則是:使用陳述句中的助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞be。 如果陳述句中沒有助動(dòng)詞,則應(yīng)添加一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞do(does, did)。
考題11: Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday,_________ she? (2006廣東)
A. had B. did C. hadn’t D. didn’t
解析: D。 had為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,借助助動(dòng)詞do,又因?yàn)閠he day before yesterday為過去時(shí),因此選擇didn’t。
考題12: His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _____ she?(1994上海)
A. did B. had C. didn’t D. hadn’t
解析: C。分析同上。
考題13: You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday,__________?(2004上海)
A. had you B. hadn’t you
C. did you D. didn’t you
解析: D。此題考查have的反意疑問句。 have作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,have something done意為“請某人做某事”,因此要借助助動(dòng)詞do。
2. 陳述句中謂語動(dòng)詞是must have done時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對過去情況的推測(句中有過去的時(shí)間狀語),反意疑問句根據(jù)動(dòng)詞用 didn’t / wasn’t / weren’t +主語。陳述句中謂語動(dòng)詞是must have done時(shí),如果只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,反意疑問句用haven’t / hasn’t +主語。
考題14: There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________?(2004上海春)
A. didn’t they B. don’t they
C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
解析: D。句中謂語動(dòng)詞must have gone強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,反意疑問句用haven’t + 主語。
四、 考查含否定副詞陳述句的反意疑問句
陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意義的副詞時(shí),反意疑問句用肯定形式。
考題15: She never tells a lie, _________ ? (1984全國)
A. does she B. doesn’t she
C. does not she D. isn’t it
五、 考查祈使句的反意疑問句
祈使句為肯定句時(shí),反意疑問句可使用will you / won’t you, can you / can’t you;祈使句為否定句時(shí),反意疑問句用will you / can you。
考題16: —Alice, you feed the bird today,_________?
—But I fed it yesterday. (1999全國)
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
考題17: Be sure to write to us,__________? (1993全國)
A. will you B. won’t you
C. can you D. mustn’t you
考題18: When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,_________? (2007北京)
A. do you B. don’t you
C. will you D. won’t you
六、 考查反意疑問句的回答
對反意疑問句的回答,應(yīng)依照事實(shí)回答。如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes回答;如果事實(shí)是否定的,就用no回答。當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定句,疑問部分為否定句時(shí),其回答yes或no與漢語基本一致;但當(dāng)陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時(shí),回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這時(shí)省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。
【考題回放】
考題19: —Write to me when you get home.
—I ___________.(2001全國)
A. must B. shouldC. willD. can
解析: C。反意疑問句部分一般用will you?回答部分則用(Yes) I will. 或(No) I won’t.。
考題20:
—Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_____________ . (1994全國)
A. I don’t B. I won’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
解析: B。反意疑問句部分一般用will you?,回答部分則用(No) I won’t,表示“是的,我不會(huì)忘記的”。
考題21:
—Mr. Gordan asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t you forget it!
—Ok, I _____________ . (2006重慶)
A. won’t B. don’t C. will D. do
解析: A。反意疑問句部分一般用will you?,回答部分則用(No) I won’t,表示“是的,我不會(huì)的”。