(一)“蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤例析 “蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤就是“畫蛇添足”,在句中出現(xiàn)一些原本沒有或本應(yīng)省略的成分。
[例1] Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. (×)
Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money.(√)
Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money.(√)
[例2] Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×)
Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work.(√)
He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work.(√)
析:用though, but表示“雖然……,但是……”或用because,so 表示“因?yàn)椤?,所以……”時(shí),though和but 及because和so 都只能擇一而用,不能兩者同時(shí)使用。
[例3] More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.
(×)
More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.(√)
析:hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞修飾用來表示“確數(shù)”時(shí),無論數(shù)詞大小,hundred等詞都要用單數(shù)形式。
[例4] My English teacher is a 38-years old man.
My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. (√)
析:句中的38-years-old是由數(shù)詞、名詞和形容詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,在句中充當(dāng)定語,修飾名詞man。復(fù)合形容詞作定語時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式,且各詞之間要有連字符“-”。
[例5] The Smiths have moved Beijing.(×)
The Smiths have moved to Beijing.(√)
析:不及物動(dòng)詞后接名詞或代詞作賓語時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞之后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~;但不及物動(dòng)詞后接home, here, there等副詞作賓語時(shí),動(dòng)詞之后不必加任何介詞。
[例6] The box is too heavy for him to carry it.(×)
The box is too heavy for him to carry.(√
析:不定式to carry及其邏輯主語for him共同組成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語一起修飾heavy。
(二)“主謂不一致”類錯(cuò)誤例析 主謂不一致類錯(cuò)誤指的是句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上不一致而形成的錯(cuò)誤。
[例1] Each of the boys have a pen.(×)
Each of the boys has a pen.(√) The boys each have a pen .(√)
析:復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有表個(gè)體的each of,one of,every,either of等詞組修飾,或有表否定的neither of, none of
[例2] Neither he nor you is good at English. (×)
Neither he nor you are good at English.(√)
析:either... or...,neither... nor...,not only...,but also...等詞組連接句子的兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致原則”,即由靠近謂語的那個(gè)主語決定謂語的人稱和數(shù)用何種形式。
[例3] Two months are quite a long time.(×)
Two months is quite a long time.(√)
析:當(dāng)時(shí)間、度量、距離、重量等名詞作句子主語時(shí),常將其看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例4] Ten minus three are seven.(×)
Ten minus three is seven.(√
析:用英語表示加(plus)、減(minus)等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。
[例5] Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. (×)
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.(√
析:不定式、v-ing形式充當(dāng)句子主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
[ 例6] The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000.(×)
The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000.(√)
析:the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“許多”,相當(dāng)于some或a lot of,和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(三)“詞序”、“語序”類錯(cuò)誤例析 詞序、語序類錯(cuò)誤指的是單詞或句子在排列順序上不正確,也表現(xiàn)為該用陳述語序的用了疑問句語序,或該用疑問句語序的用了陳述句語序等情況。
易錯(cuò)題集中:英語考試中常犯的錯(cuò)誤分類例析試題2
2009年07月30日 星期四 02:13 P.M.
[例1] Hello! I have important something to tell you(×) Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√) 析:形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞作定語時(shí),修飾成分要置于不定代詞之后。 [例2] His son is enough old to go to school.(×) His son is old enough to go to school.(√) 析:enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),可以放在名詞前,也可放在名詞后;作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),只能放在形容詞或副詞之后。 [例3] Here is your sweater, put away it.(×) Here is your sweater, put it away.(√) 析:put away, pick up, put on等“動(dòng)詞 副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組后接代詞作賓語時(shí),代詞只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。[例4] I don’t know where is he going.(×) I don’t know where he is going.(√) 析:在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,從句要用陳述句語序。 [例5] Look! Here the bus comes.(×) Look! Here comes the bus.(√) 析:在以here,there引起的陳述句中,若句子的主語是名詞,要用倒裝語序,即用“Here /There 動(dòng)詞 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu);但主語若是代詞時(shí),則不用倒裝語序, 即用“Here/There 代詞 動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 [例6] I do well in playing football, _______.(我妹妹也行。) A. so my sister does(×) B. so does my sister(√) [例7] — Li Lei is really a football fan. — _______.(確實(shí)這樣.) A. So is he(×) B. So he is(√) 析:“so be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞 主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示前面所述情況也適用于后者,意為“……也是這樣”;“so 主語 be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞”的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)前述情況的肯定,意為”……確實(shí)如此”。 (四)“邏輯”類錯(cuò)誤例析 邏輯類錯(cuò)誤是指用英語表達(dá)某一思想時(shí),犯了邏輯推理錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致句子語法成分不全,句意表達(dá)上前后矛盾等方面的失誤。 [例1] 重慶比中國(guó)的其他城市都大。 Chongqing is larger than any city in China.(×) Chongqing is larger than any other city in China.(√) 析:“any city in China”包括了重慶這座城市,同一事物自己與自己不能做比較,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重慶和中國(guó)的其它城市比較大小。 [例2] 廣州的天氣比北京的天氣更暖和。 The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing.(×) The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing .(√) 析:表示比較時(shí),句子中的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象必須一致,不同的比較對(duì)象不能做比較。錯(cuò)誤句的比較對(duì)象分別為the weather in Guangzhou和Beijing,這兩個(gè)不同類的事物之間不能做比較。 (五)“受漢語思維方式影響”類錯(cuò)誤例析 [例1] Mr. Wu teaches our English.(×) Mr. Wu teaches us English.(√) 析:“teach sb. sth. ”句式中的sb.和 sth.是teach的雙賓語,因此teach后的人稱代詞要用賓格,而不能受漢語影響使用形容詞性物主代詞。 [例2] His sister married with a teacher last summer.(×) His sister married a teacher last summer.(√) 析:表達(dá)“A和B結(jié)婚”,要用A married/will marry B。這時(shí)務(wù)必要避免受漢語影響使用A married/will marry with B。 [ 例3] There is going to have a film tonight.(×) There is going to be a film tonight.(√) 析:一般將來時(shí)用在 There be 句式中時(shí),be going to或will之后的動(dòng)詞原形只能用be,也就是說要用There is(are)going to be.... / There will be....。 [例4] I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday.(× I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.(√) 析:習(xí)慣上在含有時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了一般將來時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。 [例5] Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. (×) Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun. (√) 析:習(xí)慣上在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了一般過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。但如果從句表述的是一客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí),則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響,而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 |
易錯(cuò)題集中:英語考試中常犯的錯(cuò)誤分類例析試題3
2009年07月30日 星期四 02:17 P.M.
[例6] All the balls are not round. 翻譯成漢語: 所有的球都不是圓的。(×) 并不是所有的球都是圓的。(√) 析:all,every,both等詞和not連用時(shí),not通常放在all,every,both的后面,一般情況下表示部分否定,意為“并非……都……”。 [例7] Do you know the way of the park? (×) Do you know the way to the park?(√) 析:習(xí)慣上表示無生命名詞的所有格常用“……of……”;但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”,而不能用“the way of...”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有 the key to the lock (這把鎖的鑰匙),the answer to this question(這個(gè)問題的答案),the ticket to the concert(音樂會(huì)的票)等。 [例8] — He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? — _______, though he didn’t feel very well. A. No, he didn’t(×) B. Yes, he did(√) ) [例9] — Don’t you usually come to school by bike? — _______. But I sometimes walk. A. No, I don’t(×) B. Yes, I do(√) 析:習(xí)慣上英語中的yes意為“是的”,no意為“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句或否定疑問句中,yes意為“不”,no意為“是的”。 |