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易錯(cuò)題集中:英語考試中常犯的錯(cuò)誤分類例析試題

(一)“蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤例析 “蛇足”類錯(cuò)誤就是“畫蛇添足”,在句中出現(xiàn)一些原本沒有或本應(yīng)省略的成分。

[1] Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. ×

Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money.

Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money.

[2] Because he was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work. (×

Because he was ill yesterday, he didn’t go to work.

He was ill yesterday, so he didn’t go to work.

析:though, but表示“雖然……,但是……”或用becauseso 表示“因?yàn)椤?,所以……”時(shí),thoughbut becauseso 都只能擇一而用,不能兩者同時(shí)使用。

[3] More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.

 

×

More than three hundred people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.(√)

析:hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞修飾用來表示“確數(shù)”時(shí),無論數(shù)詞大小,hundred等詞都要用單數(shù)形式。

[4] My English teacher is a 38-years old man.

My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. (√)

析:句中的38-years-old是由數(shù)詞、名詞和形容詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,在句中充當(dāng)定語,修飾名詞man。復(fù)合形容詞作定語時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式,且各詞之間要有連字符“-”。

[5] The Smiths have moved Beijing.×

The Smiths have moved to Beijing.

析:不及物動(dòng)詞后接名詞或代詞作賓語時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞之后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~;但不及物動(dòng)詞后接home, here, there等副詞作賓語時(shí),動(dòng)詞之后不必加任何介詞。

[6] The box is too heavy for him to carry it.×

The box is too heavy for him to carry.(√

析:不定式to carry及其邏輯主語for him共同組成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語一起修飾heavy。

(二)“主謂不一致”類錯(cuò)誤例析 主謂不一致類錯(cuò)誤指的是句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上不一致而形成的錯(cuò)誤。

[1] Each of the boys have a pen.×

Each of the boys has a pen. The boys each have a pen .(√)

析:復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有表個(gè)體的each of,one of,everyeither of等詞組修飾,或有表否定的neither of, none of

[2] Neither he nor you is good at English. ×

Neither he nor you are good at English.

析:either... or...,neither... nor...,not only...,but also...等詞組連接句子的兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致原則”,即由靠近謂語的那個(gè)主語決定謂語的人稱和數(shù)用何種形式。

[3] Two months are quite a long time.×

Two months is quite a long time.

析:當(dāng)時(shí)間、度量、距離、重量等名詞作句子主語時(shí),常將其看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

4] Ten minus three are seven.×

Ten minus three is seven.

析:用英語表示加(plus)、減(minus)等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。

[5] Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. ×

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

析:不定式、v-ing形式充當(dāng)句子主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

[ 6] The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000.×

The number of the workers in this factory is about 5,000.

析:the number of表示“……的數(shù)量”,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“許多”,相當(dāng)于somea lot of,和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

(三)“詞序”、“語序”類錯(cuò)誤例析 詞序、語序類錯(cuò)誤指的是單詞或句子在排列順序上不正確,也表現(xiàn)為該用陳述語序的用了疑問句語序,或該用疑問句語序的用了陳述句語序等情況。

易錯(cuò)題集中:英語考試中常犯的錯(cuò)誤分類例析試題2
2009年07月30日 星期四 02:13 P.M.

[1] Hello! I have important something to tell you×

Hello! I have something important to tell you. (√

析:形容詞或動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞作定語時(shí),修飾成分要置于不定代詞之后。

[2] His son is enough old to go to school.×

His son is old enough to go to school.

析:enough作形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),可以放在名詞前,也可放在名詞后;作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),只能放在形容詞或副詞之后。

[3] Here is your sweater, put away it.×

Here is your sweater, put it away.

析:put away, pick up, put on等“動(dòng)詞 副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組后接代詞作賓語時(shí),代詞只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。[4] I don’t know where is he going.×

I don’t know where he is going.

析:在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,從句要用陳述句語序。

[5] Look! Here the bus comes.×

Look! Here comes the bus.

析:在以here,there引起的陳述句中,若句子的主語是名詞,要用倒裝語序,即用“Here /There 動(dòng)詞 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu);但主語若是代詞時(shí),則不用倒裝語序, 即用“Here/There 代詞 動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。

[6] I do well in playing football, _______.我妹妹也行。)

A. so my sister does× B. so does my sister

[7] Li Lei is really a football fan. _______.(確實(shí)這樣.

A. So is he× B. So he is

析:so be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞 主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)表示前面所述情況也適用于后者,意為“……也是這樣”;“so 主語 be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞”的陳述結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)前述情況的肯定,意為”……確實(shí)如此”。

(四)“邏輯”類錯(cuò)誤例析 邏輯類錯(cuò)誤是指用英語表達(dá)某一思想時(shí),犯了邏輯推理錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致句子語法成分不全,句意表達(dá)上前后矛盾等方面的失誤。

[1] 重慶比中國(guó)的其他城市都大。

Chongqing is larger than any city in China.×

Chongqing is larger than any other city in China.

析:any city in China”包括了重慶這座城市,同一事物自己與自己不能做比較,只有在city 前加上other才能表示重慶和中國(guó)的其它城市比較大小。

[2] 廣州的天氣比北京的天氣更暖和。 The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than Beijing.×

The weather in Guangzhou is warmer than that in Beijing .

析:表示比較時(shí),句子中的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象必須一致,不同的比較對(duì)象不能做比較。錯(cuò)誤句的比較對(duì)象分別為the weather in GuangzhouBeijing,這兩個(gè)不同類的事物之間不能做比較。

(五)“受漢語思維方式影響”類錯(cuò)誤例析

[1] Mr. Wu teaches our English.×

Mr. Wu teaches us English.

析:teach sb. sth. ”句式中的sb. sth.teach的雙賓語,因此teach后的人稱代詞要用賓格,而不能受漢語影響使用形容詞性物主代詞。

[2] His sister married with a teacher last summer.×

His sister married a teacher last summer.

析:表達(dá)“AB結(jié)婚”,要用A married/will marry B。這時(shí)務(wù)必要避免受漢語影響使用A married/will marry with B

[ 3] There is going to have a film tonight.×

There is going to be a film tonight.

析:一般將來時(shí)用在 There be 句式中時(shí),be going towill之后的動(dòng)詞原形只能用be,也就是說要用There isaregoing to be.... / There will be....。

[4] I’ll go hiking if it won’t rain next Sunday.×

I’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.

析:習(xí)慣上在含有時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了一般將來時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。

[5] Teacher told us yesterday that the earth went around the sun. ×

Teacher told us yesterday that the earth goes around the sun.

析:習(xí)慣上在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了一般過去時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。但如果從句表述的是一客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí),則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響,而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。


易錯(cuò)題集中:英語考試中常犯的錯(cuò)誤分類例析試題3
2009年07月30日 星期四 02:17 P.M.

[6] All the balls are not round. 翻譯成漢語:

所有的球都不是圓的。(×

并不是所有的球都是圓的。(

析:all,everyboth等詞和not連用時(shí),not通常放在all,every,both的后面,一般情況下表示部分否定,意為“并非……都……”。

[7] Do you know the way of the park? ×

Do you know the way to the park?

析:習(xí)慣上表示無生命名詞的所有格常用“……of……”;但表示“通往……的路”要用“the way to...”,而不能用“the way of...”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有 the key to the lock (這把鎖的鑰匙),the answer to this question(這個(gè)問題的答案),the ticket to the concert(音樂會(huì)的票)等。

[8] He didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? _______, though he didn’t feel very well.

A. No, he didn’t× B. Yes, he did [9] Don’t you usually come to school by bike? _______. But I sometimes walk.

 

 

A. No, I don’t(× B. Yes, I do

析:習(xí)慣上英語中的yes意為“是的”,no意為“不”,但在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句或否定疑問句中,yes意為“不”,no意為“是的”。



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