強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是高中英語中一個重要的語法項目，是高考重要考點(diǎn)之一。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It + be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子其余部分。本文擬結(jié)合高考試題對強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法作如下歸納。
一、基本用法
1．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，能夠被強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分通常為主語、賓語、狀語等，不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞、表語、補(bǔ)語、讓步狀語、條件狀語等。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.，且在句中作主語時，可用who，也可用that，其它情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時，that后的謂語動詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語人稱與數(shù)保持一致。如：
I'm going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.→
It is I who am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
It is my friend that I'm going to meet at the airport tomorrow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)
It is at the airport that I'm going to meet my friend tomorrow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)
It is tomorrow that I'm going to meet my friend at the airport.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語)
2．在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人還是物，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞一律用單數(shù)is/was形式。如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是過去范疇，就用was; 如果原句的謂語動詞時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在范疇，就用is。也可以用"情態(tài)動詞＋be"形式。例如：
It is Tom and Mary who will be fined.
It was yesterday that he arrived here.
It might be in the morning that he broke into the house.
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特征是：如果我們把"It be…that…"從句中劃去，所剩的正好是一個完整的句子。如:
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. 決不只是盲人才犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。
Not only blind men make such stupid mistakes. 它的意思仍然是完整的，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)意味已經(jīng)失去。實際上"It be…that…"只不過是一個框架而已，它的各部份在句子中均不擔(dān)任成份。
二、考點(diǎn)解讀
1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：“Is /Was it+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子其余部分?”
例1．Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? (MET88)
A. that B. while C. in which D. then
解析：此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句。強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語，故選A。
例2．Was _____that I saw last night at the concert?(上海97)
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
解析：此句也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句。強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語，故選A。
例3．--- Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? --- ______. (上海96)
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
解析：此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句的否定形式。其回答有兩種可能：“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasn't”，故選B.
2．強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞＋is/was it that...？注意在強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)志that/who后只能使用陳述語序。
例4． Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?(上海04)
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
解析：此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列。這是一個特殊疑問句,say后面缺少賓語，所以用what ,故選A .
例5．I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn't matter ____ I am making to (廣東04)
A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom
解析: 此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列(此處省略了that).這是一個特殊疑問句,考查被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分充當(dāng)賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)。其語序應(yīng)遵循賓語從句的語序，即陳述語序。另外，在此處是做to的賓語，應(yīng)用賓格whom，但在通常情況下，也可以用who代替whom ，故選B.
3．強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語。
例6．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET03)
A. who B. that C. how D. what
解析：此題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語these poisonous products. 把it is……that去掉，句意仍完整。故選B.
例7．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience's interest. (上海2000 春)
A. so that B. that C. what D. in which
解析：此題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語從句how the young man had learned five foreign languages。把it was……that去掉，句意仍完整。故選B.
例8．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
解析：本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語the ability to do the job.把It was……that去掉，句意仍完整。故選B。
4．強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語 強(qiáng)調(diào)時間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。
例9．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)
A. that B. until C. before D. when
解析：這是對時間狀語about 600 years ago的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A
例10．It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(遼寧06)
A.that B.when C.since D. as
解析：這是對時間狀語從句after he got what he had desired的強(qiáng)調(diào)，故選A.
例11．It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)
A. until B. that C. then D. so
解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語從句 when I reread his poems recently，故選B。
例12．It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春)
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語because of bad weather, 故選D。在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句。
例13．It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.
A. where B. in which C. that D.so
解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語從句where there had been a theatre.故選C。
例14．It was only with the help of the local people ___ .（上海春04）
A.was the mountain climber rescued
C.when the mountain climber was rescued
解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語only with the help of the local People.故選B
例15．It was in the book store ____ I met your brother the other day.(上海90）
A．where B.that C.in which D.in that
解析：本句強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語in the book store.故選B.
特別提示：對“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，要用“It is/was not until...that...”這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同時要注意不能使用倒裝語序。
例16．It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET92)
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
解析：此題強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句until she took off her dark glasses，要將not until放在一起置于It was/is之后。故選B.
例17．It was ______ back home after the experiment. (湖北04)
A. not until midnight did he go
C. not until midnight that he went
解析：此題強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語until midnight，要將not until放在一起置于It was/is之后。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不用倒裝語序。故選C.
5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與相關(guān)句型的辨析
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型極易與下列句型混淆,故高考也?？疾檫@方面的內(nèi)容。做題時首先判斷該題是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分要還原到原位置），那么這個句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句；如果句子不完整，則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
易混句型1：It be+段時間+ since ... “自從……以來”
該句型中的be動詞通常為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。
例18．That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
解析：答案為D.since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間
易混句型2：It be+點(diǎn)時間+ when ... ＂當(dāng)……的時候，是……＂
該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。Be動詞的時態(tài)沒有明確限制，點(diǎn)時間前不加介詞。
例19. —Did Jack come back early last night? —Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )
A. before B. when C. that D. until
解析：答案為B.when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間。
易混句型3：It be+段時間+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”
該句型主句中be動詞的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)．主句中的表語多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。
例20． --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
A. when B. until C. that D. before
解析：答案為D.before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，it表示時間.
三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的另外一種形式
在中學(xué)英語課本中還多次出現(xiàn)"What…be…"結(jié)構(gòu)的句型（簡稱wh-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句），它同樣具有很濃的強(qiáng)調(diào)意味，例如： What we need is more time. 我們需要更多的時間。
我們可以用對待It is/was 結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法，把"What…be…"作為一個框架而劃去，所剩的也是一個完整的句子：We need more time. 不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以擔(dān)任成份。上面這個句子可以看成是What引導(dǎo)一個主語從句，而be則是系動詞，后接表語。
Wh-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、表語，例如：
But what surprised me most was to see some of the villagepeople seated on the benches at the end of the room.
然而，最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后頭的長凳上。
But what he was really interested in was beautiful paiutings.
但是他真正感興趣的是美麗的畫。
What I feel is hungry.
我所感到的就是餓。
wh-type強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以通過使用代動詞do來強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的謂語動詞或作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動詞，例如：
What I did was (to) turn off the tap.
我所做的就是把水龍頭關(guān)了。
What I want you to do is (to) clean the room.
我要你做的就是打掃房間。
注意，這一句型中be后面作表語的不定式可以省略to，如果所強(qiáng)調(diào)的動詞是進(jìn)行體，那么be之后用-ing形式和它相配，例如：
Whta I'm doing is teaching him a lesson.
我現(xiàn)在這樣做是為了給他一次教訓(xùn)。
