l 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
l 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：?？挤较颍?）表示目前的情況。（2）表示將來(lái)時(shí)。（3）表示某人擁有的一種技能。（5）在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
【高考真題回顧】
1.【遼寧卷】 I all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done
答案： B
句意：我為一家人做飯，但是最近我太忙不能做了。
解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。第一句表示現(xiàn)階段的一種狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
2.【全國(guó)】Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who________evening dress.
A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn
答案：B
解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。首先the only one of …. 為先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是one，
即one是主語(yǔ)，而非后面的復(fù)數(shù)women，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，
排除A，D。另外，從“is”可以看出句子是要表示一種習(xí)慣，因此要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排
除C，故選B。
3. 【上?！?/p>
Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every few years,可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此答案選B。
37.【重慶】
The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building
_______now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
答案A
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析： remain在這兒意思是“剩下，余留”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，整句話是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的陳
述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選 A項(xiàng)。
【最新模擬訓(xùn)練】
l 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：查考方向（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：so far，since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用，during、in、over the last few years（months，weeks），in recent years等。（2）下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：It is （has been）+ 一段時(shí)間+since從句
This（That、It）is the first （second。。。）time that+完成時(shí)
This（That、It）is the only…+that從句+完成時(shí)
This（That、It）is the best、finest…+that從句+完成時(shí)
（3）在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
【高考真題回顧】
1.【山東】
Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
答案:D
考點(diǎn)：本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“截止到現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬(wàn)的本來(lái)會(huì)死去的孩子的生命?！?/p>
up to now是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志，所以空格處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
2.【四川】
一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．a(chǎn)re finishing
C．a(chǎn)re to finish D．have finished
答案：D
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：在狀語(yǔ)從句中，經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)完成時(shí)。此處
為until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選D。意為“直到我們完成我們的計(jì)劃，
我們才重新開(kāi)始我們的生意。”
3.【全國(guó)Ⅰ】
When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
答案：B
句意：當(dāng)你到家的時(shí)候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了。
解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)。此題可以根據(jù)句意也可以使用排除法。 句意為“當(dāng)你到
家的時(shí)候，打電話給我讓我知道你已經(jīng)到家了”B選項(xiàng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成，譯
為“已經(jīng)……”。同時(shí)也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)也可以用
will + do表示將來(lái)，因此A和D同時(shí)排除，C為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)句中一
定要有一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，因此C也排除，選擇B.
4.【北京】
--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make
C. don't make D. haven't made
答案：D
考點(diǎn): 時(shí)態(tài)
解析：上文說(shuō)沒(méi)聽(tīng)清是幾號(hào)回來(lái)。而下文則說(shuō)很抱歉我沒(méi)說(shuō)清楚。根據(jù)句意我們只能選
didn't make或者h(yuǎn)aven't made. 那落在選項(xiàng)中我們只能選擇D。A. hadn't made過(guò)去完成時(shí)
表過(guò)去的過(guò)去，不符合題意。B. wouldn't make過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不正確。C一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不
正確。
5．【浙江】
For many years, people electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult
than predicted.
A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)句意：許多年來(lái)，人們都一直夢(mèng)想著電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。然而，制造它們比想象要難
得多。由此，推斷此處的夢(mèng)想從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在，并由此延伸。目前，市場(chǎng)上已經(jīng)有了電動(dòng)
汽車(chē)，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
【最新模擬訓(xùn)練】
l 3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：常考方向（1）表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；（2）表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；（3）表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去時(shí)。
【2010考題回顧】
1. 【全國(guó)】
Excuse me I________I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
答案：A
考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)考查。
解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，后文暗示過(guò)去時(shí)。
2.【重慶】
The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes
答案C
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析： since引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句通常用完成時(shí)，而從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選
C項(xiàng)。
l 4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) ?？挤较颍?）過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（2）某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。
【考題回顧】
1.【全國(guó)I】
—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do
答案A
句意：—你讀完了Jane Eyre嗎？
—沒(méi)有，我昨天一直做作業(yè)。
解答：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察時(shí)態(tài)，此題可以根據(jù)句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段
時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行且未完成的動(dòng)作使用進(jìn)行時(shí)。題干中有all day yesterday時(shí)間提示為過(guò)去，
應(yīng)該選擇與過(guò)去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，排除D。B為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不符合題意，C過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去
的過(guò)去，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)題目中需要有一般過(guò)去時(shí)，題干中沒(méi)有一般過(guò)去時(shí)因此也排除。
2. 【湖南】
I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I
studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：根據(jù)“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判斷此處表示
“人們當(dāng)時(shí)正在出售各種水果和蔬菜”，即表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選B項(xiàng)。
l 5.過(guò)去完成時(shí)： ?？挤较颍?）by、by the end of、by the time、until、before、since后接表示某一時(shí)間的的短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí)，其主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。（2）表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped、planned、meant、intended、thought、wanted、expected等，或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不等式表示，即：hoped、planned…+to have done。
【考題回顧】
1.【安徽】
----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?
A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read
答案：B.
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。
解析：句意為“我看過(guò)書(shū)了，已知道這個(gè)故事”。在“knew”前已看過(guò)，故用過(guò)去完成
時(shí)。
2.【湖南】
I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
答案：B
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was just going to cut之前，即表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
句意為：“我正要剪切我的薔薇叢但（發(fā)現(xiàn)）有人已經(jīng)將它剪切了。是你干的嗎？”
3.【江蘇】
—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
選C. 考查時(shí)態(tài)題. 我們?nèi)ズ＿叞l(fā)生在過(guò)去. 而我們忙于工作在此之前. 因此用過(guò)去完
成時(shí).
4.【北京】
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
答案：A
考點(diǎn):本題考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。
解析：整個(gè)句子時(shí)態(tài)用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，我能夠表示感謝就已經(jīng)是過(guò)去，而他們對(duì)我的
幫助則是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。因此選A。
l 6.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：①表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動(dòng)詞（常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)。
④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別：
be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall / will do表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。
be going to 表將來(lái)，不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯(cuò)誤)
be to do sth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
【考題回顧】
If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent. （全國(guó)卷II A）
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
l 7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
【考題回顧】
1. 【重慶】
-----Why do you want to work for our company?
-----This is the job that I for.
A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
答案D
考點(diǎn)：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：由句意：這就是我一直尋找的工作可知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻
發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持續(xù)下去。
2.【遼寧】
Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?”
in Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
答案：A
句意：約瑟夫自從上個(gè)月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄語(yǔ)說(shuō)“你叫什么名字？”。
解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中since last month，表示“自從上個(gè)月起”根據(jù)but后的句意，說(shuō)明
動(dòng)作從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行著，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
3.【陜西】
I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed
C. coughed D. cough
A. 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lately可知此處表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或
存在的狀態(tài)，且強(qiáng)調(diào)其持續(xù)性，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，選A。
4.【10江蘇23】
—why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
選D。我給房子上油漆一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，而且到明天才會(huì)完成。所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
5.【天津】
We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
答案：B.
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
句意：我們?cè)谶@項(xiàng)工程上一直工作了四個(gè)小時(shí)了。咱們休息一會(huì)。
解析：從句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知，動(dòng)作從過(guò)去
發(fā)生，到說(shuō)話的時(shí)候一直在進(jìn)行著，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
6.【江西】
Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
答案：Ｄ
考點(diǎn)：考察時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：在本句since 表示自從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在, 所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)為現(xiàn)在完
成時(shí)的一種。
7. 【湖南】
I'm tired out. . I all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped
C. had shopped D. have been shopping
答案D
考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：句意為：“我現(xiàn)在很累。我整個(gè)下午一直在購(gòu)物，我好像什么事都沒(méi)做成似的?！?/p>
由語(yǔ)境可判斷選D項(xiàng)。
8. 【安徽】
----We’ve spent too much money recently.
----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time
A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming
答案：D.
考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。
解析：句意為“近來(lái)我們花了太多錢(qián)了。----并不驚奇，近來(lái)朋友和親戚總是來(lái)訪?！庇?/p>
have been coming表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
l 8.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：①表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)；表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩)
②下面四類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
【考題回顧】
1.【北京】
--I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
答案：D
考點(diǎn):本題也是在語(yǔ)境中考查學(xué)生對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的靈活運(yùn)用。
解析：第一個(gè)說(shuō)話人說(shuō)"我還沒(méi)吃完飯呢"，而下面的人則說(shuō)"但是我們的朋友們都在等我
們了"根據(jù)第一個(gè)人還沒(méi)進(jìn)行完吃飯的動(dòng)作，而第二個(gè)人又開(kāi)始催促，我們得知朋友們此
時(shí)正在等他們。所以用進(jìn)行時(shí)are waiting更符合句意。
2 — Have you got any job offers?
-- No. I ______.(遼寧卷)
A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting
3. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much. （2008重慶B）
A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage
聯(lián)系客服
