高考英語(yǔ)考前玩轉(zhuǎn)高頻語(yǔ)法系列13專(zhuān)題——虛擬語(yǔ)氣
三種情況：
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法。
一、虛擬條件句：
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)＋should（could, would, 或might）＋動(dòng)詞原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
＋do，主語(yǔ)＋should（could…）＋ 原形 do
過(guò)去時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣）。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意問(wèn)題：
1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本句型：
主語(yǔ)＋（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形，如：
Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語(yǔ)從句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語(yǔ)從句）
注意：在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句：
1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)；
與過(guò)去愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞；
與未來(lái)愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋would（could）＋原形。
I wish I were you.
I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：當(dāng)It’s time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為：
主語(yǔ)＋should＋原形 或 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：
It’s time that you went to school. 或
It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish＋賓語(yǔ)從句”
If only he could come! 他要能來(lái)就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if h e had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、It is important that a college student ___________ a foreign language.
A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master
2、It is strange that s he ___________ without saying a word.
A．should have gone out B．went
C．should go out D．goes out
3、If my lawyer ___________ here last Saturday, he ___________ me from going.
A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent
4、 ——“He is a brave man.”
——“Yes, I wish I ___________ his courage.”
A．have B．had C．will have D．may have
5、If it ___________ rain, the crops would be saved.
A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to
6、He ordered that the medicine ___________ by a special plane.
A．was sent B．would be sent
C．should send D．be sent
7、If you ___________ the medicine, you ___________ better now.
A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if ___________ my mother.
A．is B．was C．were D．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I ___________ so.
A．didn’t do B．hadn’t do C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather he ___________ tomorrow afternoon.
A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
答案：
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A
6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D
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