San Fang Qi Xiang (三坊七巷) Fuzhou Municipal People's Government
Opening Ceremony of the Extended 44th session of the World Heritage Committee 16/07/2021 Fuzhou Municipal People's Government
第44屆世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)會(huì)議于7月16至31日在線上召開，舉辦地為中國(guó)福州。會(huì)議探討當(dāng)前工作以及去年因新冠疫情推遲年會(huì)而遺留的內(nèi)容。
Interior of Dacheng Palace Hall/Author: Chen Yingjie
Quanzhou maritime Silk Road World heritage Nomination Center
“泉州：宋元中國(guó)的世界海洋商貿(mào)中心”包含的22處遺址于7月25日成功列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，《名錄》再添一顆來(lái)自東方的璀璨明珠。
在中國(guó)56項(xiàng)世界遺產(chǎn)之中，宋元泉州別具意義。這里是古代海上絲綢之路的重要貿(mào)易中心，是可與埃及亞歷山大港媲美的“東方第一大港”，也是馬可·波羅筆下的“光明之城”。
本期《信使》Focus 欄目將盤點(diǎn)本次世界遺產(chǎn)大會(huì)新列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的遺址，并通過(guò)泉州申遺成功回顧絲綢之路的在世界遺產(chǎn)歷史上的意義。
聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總干事奧德蕾·阿祖萊在開幕式演講中引用了中國(guó)女詩(shī)人翟永明關(guān)于“未來(lái)不確定性”的描述，強(qiáng)調(diào)了世界遺產(chǎn)在當(dāng)下的重要性。2020年《信使》雜志新冠疫情專刊 '女性重構(gòu)的新世界'中收錄了翟永明的此篇文章。 Fuzhou Municipal People's Government
中國(guó)，泉州：宋元中國(guó)的世界海洋商貿(mào)中心
該遺址群體現(xiàn)了泉州在中國(guó)宋元時(shí)期（公元10-14世紀(jì)）作為世界海洋商貿(mào)中心的活力，及其與中國(guó)腹地的緊密聯(lián)系。泉州在亞洲海運(yùn)貿(mào)易的這個(gè)重要時(shí)期蓬勃發(fā)展。遺產(chǎn)地包括多座宗教建筑，如始建于公元11世紀(jì)的清凈寺（中國(guó)最早的伊斯蘭建筑之一）、伊斯蘭教圣墓，以及大量考古遺跡，如行政建筑、具有重要商貿(mào)和防御意義的石碼頭、制瓷和冶鐵生產(chǎn)遺址、城市交通網(wǎng)道的構(gòu)成元素、古橋、寶塔和碑文。
Statue of Lao Tze and Qingyuan Mountain/Author: Chen Yingjie
Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road World heritage Nomination Center
Zhenfeng Pagoda and rain pavilions/Author: Zheng Wengui
Quanzhou maritime Silk Road World Heritage Nomination Center
Wenxing Dock/Author: Chen Qituo
Quanzhou maritime Silk Road World Heritage Nomination Center
在公元10-14世紀(jì)的阿拉伯和西方文獻(xiàn)中，泉州被稱為刺桐。該遺產(chǎn)地還包括一座保留了部分原貌的元代寺廟，以及世界上僅存的摩尼石像。摩尼是摩尼教（又稱瑣羅亞斯德教）的創(chuàng)始人，該教約于公元6-7世紀(jì)傳入中國(guó)。
1997年的《信使》雜志提及世界遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)如何被定義及遴選。世界遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)因埃及在上世紀(jì)五十年代決定建造阿斯旺高壩并可能摧毀古埃及文明的寶藏，從而開始受到國(guó)際社會(huì)的關(guān)注。
什么是世界遺產(chǎn)？
聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織旨在鼓勵(lì)鑒別、保護(hù)和保存世界各地那些被公認(rèn)為對(duì)人類具有突出價(jià)值的文化和自然遺產(chǎn)。一個(gè)旨在保護(hù)其他國(guó)家遺址的國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)誕生于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后。然而，引起國(guó)際關(guān)注的標(biāo)志性事件是在埃及建造阿斯旺高壩的決定。此決定本會(huì)淹沒(méi)包含阿布辛貝神廟的山谷，也是古埃及文明的一處寶藏。
1959年，在埃及和蘇丹政府的呼吁下，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織決定發(fā)起一場(chǎng)國(guó)際運(yùn)動(dòng)，阿布辛貝神廟和菲萊神廟被拆除，移至干地并重新組裝起來(lái)。
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遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：如要列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，遺產(chǎn)地必須符合名為《操作指南》的手冊(cè)中所羅列的遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。除了《世界遺產(chǎn)公約》（1972年）的文本外，《操作指南》是關(guān)于世界遺產(chǎn)的主要工作文件。世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)定期修訂這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以配合世界遺產(chǎn)概念本身的發(fā)展。
—— ”What is World Heritage“
viaThe State of the World Heritage(September 1997)
1988年，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織前任總干事弗雷德里克·馬約爾·薩拉戈薩發(fā)表文章，強(qiáng)調(diào)了世界遺產(chǎn)作為人類共同遺產(chǎn)的重要意義。
'為所有人留下的遺產(chǎn)'
聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織總干事弗雷德里克·馬約爾·薩拉戈薩（Frederico Mayor Zaragoza）：
每個(gè)民族的文化遺產(chǎn)都體現(xiàn)了其千姿百態(tài)的才能以及其神秘的延續(xù)性。它結(jié)合了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)所創(chuàng)造的和未來(lái)可能創(chuàng)造的一切。一個(gè)民族與生俱來(lái)的的活力和創(chuàng)造力使其保護(hù)這些遺產(chǎn)。
...
《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》的編制使我們有可能度量這一遺產(chǎn)極度豐富的多樣性。因此，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織忠于其使命，為發(fā)掘全人類的遺產(chǎn)作出貢獻(xiàn)。
—— ”A Legacy for All“
viaThe World Heritage, A Legacy for All(August 1988)
聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織出版的《世界遺產(chǎn)雜志》（World Heritage Magazine）上曾刊登關(guān)于絲綢之路沿線的文化遺產(chǎn)的文章，展現(xiàn)了絲綢之路文明對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響，以及絲綢之路申遺成功的重要性。
'保護(hù)絲綢之路沿線的文化遺產(chǎn)'：
歷史上最長(zhǎng)的文化路線
正如納爾遜·曼德拉曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)：'在事情未完成之前，一切都看似不可能。” 在2014年6月在卡塔爾多哈舉行的第38屆世界遺產(chǎn)大會(huì)上，世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)將 '絲綢之路：長(zhǎng)安—天山廊道的路網(wǎng)' 列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。該遺產(chǎn)綿延約5000公里，包括中國(guó)、哈薩克斯坦和吉爾吉斯斯坦三個(gè)國(guó)家的一系列33處遺址。
對(duì)于保護(hù)絲綢之路沿線文化遺產(chǎn)的長(zhǎng)期國(guó)際合作而言，此次申遺成功是一項(xiàng)重大成就。這一系列合作在20世紀(jì)90年代聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織開展 '絲綢之路整體研究”時(shí)開始。此項(xiàng)研究計(jì)劃規(guī)模宏大，強(qiáng)調(diào)了絲綢之路國(guó)家之間的共同點(diǎn)，促進(jìn)了人類共同遺產(chǎn)的概念。
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絲綢之路是連接亞洲、次大陸、中亞、西亞和近東的古代社會(huì)的一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的路線網(wǎng)，東西長(zhǎng)約7500公里，沿途許多支線覆蓋約35000多公里。雖然這些路線的一部分已經(jīng)使用了幾千年，但它的流通量在公元前2世紀(jì)大幅增加。東西方之間的高價(jià)值商品（如絲綢）的長(zhǎng)途貿(mào)易也隨之繁榮，尤其是古代中國(guó)和羅馬帝國(guó)之間。
這些交流，在政治、社會(huì)和文化層面，對(duì)所觸及到的社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。近兩千年來(lái)，東西方之間的交流幫助發(fā)展了世界上許多偉大的文明，為人類的共同繁榮增添了光彩。
—— ”Safeguarding Cultural Heritage Along the Silk Roads“
viaWorld Heritage: The Silk Roads(No. 93, October 2019)
Aerial view of the Fortified Temple/Municipalidad Provincial de Casma
IDARQ
本屆世界遺產(chǎn)大會(huì)累計(jì)了2020年和2021年的提名，共新增33處世界遺產(chǎn)，其中28處為世界文化遺產(chǎn)，5處為世界自然遺產(chǎn)。
2020年新增文化遺產(chǎn)
阿斯蘭特佩土丘（土耳其）
長(zhǎng)基羅天文古建遺址群（秘魯）
慈善定居點(diǎn)（比利時(shí)，荷蘭）
科爾杜昂燈塔（法國(guó)）
特倫甘納邦的卡卡提亞王朝盧德什瓦拉（拉瑪帕）神廟
達(dá)姆施塔特的瑪?shù)贍柕赂叩兀ǖ聡?guó)）
繪畫之都帕多瓦，喬托的斯克洛維尼禮拜堂及帕多瓦14世紀(jì)壁畫群（意大利）
普拉多大道和麗池公園，藝術(shù)與科學(xué)景觀之地（西班牙）
泉州：宋元中國(guó)的世界海洋商貿(mào)中心（中國(guó)）
羅西亞蒙大拿礦業(yè)景觀（羅馬尼亞）
羅伯托·布雷·馬克思莊園（巴西）
歐洲溫泉療養(yǎng)勝地（奧地利，比利時(shí)，捷克，法國(guó)，德國(guó)，意大利，英國(guó)）
工程師埃拉蒂奧·迪埃斯特的作品：阿特蘭蒂達(dá)教堂（烏拉圭）
伊朗縱觀鐵路（伊朗）
奈季蘭的希馬巖畫（沙特阿拉伯）
2020年新增自然遺產(chǎn)
奄美大島、德之島、沖繩島北部及西表島（日本）
科爾基斯雨林及濕地（佐治亞）
韓國(guó)灘涂（韓國(guó)）
崗卡章森林保護(hù)區(qū)（泰國(guó)）
2021年新增文化遺產(chǎn)
阿薩爾特——包容之地與好客之城（約旦）
豪拉曼/烏拉瑪納特文化景觀（伊朗）
多拉維拉：哈拉帕文明古城（印度）
羅馬帝國(guó)邊境—下日耳曼界墻（德國(guó)，荷蘭）
日本北部的繩紋史前遺址群（日本）
里維埃拉旅游之都尼斯（法國(guó)）
奧涅加湖和白海的巖刻（俄羅斯）
阿里卡和帕里納科塔地區(qū)的新克羅文化聚落及木乃伊制作（智利）
施派爾、沃爾姆斯和美因茨的猶太社區(qū)遺址（德國(guó)）
科特迪瓦北部的蘇丹式清真寺（科特迪瓦）
博洛尼亞的拱廊（意大利）
威爾士西北部的板巖景觀（英國(guó)）
盧布爾雅那的約熱·普列赤涅克作品——以人為本的城市設(shè)計(jì)（斯洛文尼亞）
2021年新增自然遺產(chǎn)
伊溫多國(guó)家公園（加蓬）
Extended 44th session of the World Heritage Committee, Fuzhou (China)/Online meeting. UNESCO Paris, Room 1 (23/07/2021)/Eric Esquivel UNESCO
The 44th Session of the World Heritage Committee ｜History of World Heritage from the Silk Roads to Quanzhou’s Successful Inscription
The World Heritage Committee’s 44th session is chaired from Fuzhou (China) and takes place online from 16 to 31 July, combining current work and issues left outstanding since last year, when the annual meeting was postponed due to COVID-19.
“China, Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China” featuring 22 historical sites was successfully added to the World Heritage List on the 25th of July. Among the 56 World Heritage that come from China, Song-Yuan Quanzhou is very special, in that it was an important trading hub in the ancient Maritime Silk Road, with a port that rivalled the port of Alexandria. This Focus article will take the readers on a tour of the latest additions to the UNESCO World Heritage List. Along the way we will celebrate Quanzhou’s success and explore the importance of the Silk Roads in the history of World Heritage.
UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay in her opening address referenced the female Chinese poet, Zhai Yongming, and her description of an “uncertainty of the future”, emphasizing the importance of World Heritage for our societies today. Zhai’s article was published in Courier’s 2020 special issue on Covid-19, “A Whole New World, Reimagined by Women”.
China, Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China
The serial site of Quanzhou illustrates the city’s vibrancy as a maritime emporium during the Song and Yuan periods (10th - 14th centuries AD) and its interconnection with the Chinese hinterland. Quanzhou thrived during a highly significant period for maritime trade in Asia. The site encompasses religious buildings, including the 11th century AD Qingjing Mosque, one of the earliest Islamic edifices in China, Islamic tombs, and a wide range of archaeological remains: administrative buildings, stone docks that were important for commerce and defence, sites of ceramic and iron production, elements of the city’s transportation network, ancient bridges, pagodas, and inscriptions. Known as Zayton in Arabic and western texts of the 10th to 14th centuries AD.
TheCourierin 1997 published articles discussing the ways in which world heritage should be defined and selected. The protection of world heritage gained international recognition since the decision was made in the 1950s to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, which risked destroying Ancient Egyptian treasures.
What is the World Heritage?
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. The idea of creating an international movement for protecting sites in other countries emerged after World War I, but the landmark event in arousing international concern was the decision to build the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, which would have flooded the valley containing the Abu Simbel temples, a treasure of ancient Egyptian civilization. In 1959, after an appeal from the governments of Egypt and Sudan, UNESCO decided to launch an international campaign, and the Abu Simbel and Philae temples were dismantled, moved to dry ground and reassembled.
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Selection Criteria
To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must satisfy the selection criteria which are explained in a booklet titled Operational Guidelines which, besides the text of the Convention, is the main working document on World Heritage. The criteria have been revised regularly by the Committee to match the evolution of the World heritage concept itself.
—— ”What is World Heritage“
viaThe State of the World Heritage(September 1997)
In 1988, Director-General of UNESCO, Frederico Mayor Zaragoza wrote an article emphasizing the importance of world heritage as a common legacy for all humans.
“A legacy for all”
The cultural heritage of each people is an expression of the thousand and one facets of its genius and of the mysterious continuity which unites all it has created over the centuries and all it has the potential to create in the future. The preservation of this heritage is an activity inherent in a people’s vitality and creativity.
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The compilation of the List makes it possible to measure the extreme wealth and diversity of this heritage. Faithful to its mission, UNESCO is thus contributing to the discovery by each of the heritage of all.
—— ”A Legacy for All“
viaThe World Heritage, A Legacy for All(August 1988)
The World Heritage Magazine published by UNESCO features the Silk Roads as World Heritage. The Silk Roads merited this significant recognition because of their profound influence on the societies concerned.
“Safeguarding cultural heritage along the Silk Roads”: The longest cultural route in history
As Nelson Mandela once said:'It always seems impossible until it is done!’ During its 38th session in June 2014 in Doha, Qatar, the World Heritage Committee inscribed The Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tian-shan Corridor on the World Heritage List. The serial property extends some 5,000 kilometres and encompasses 33 component sites in three countries, China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
The inscription represented a major achievement in a long process of international cooperation for safeguarding cultural heritage along the Silk Roads. It began in the 1990s when UNESCO organized the 'Integral Study of the Silk Roads: Roads of Dialogue’, a large-scale research programme highlighting commonalities among Silk Roads countries and promoting the concept of a shared heritage of humanity.
The longest cultural route in history
The Silk Roads were an interconnected web of routes linking the ancient societies of Asia, the Subcontinent, Central Asia, Western Asia and the Near East, stretching to about 7,500 km east to west but covering over 35,000 km along all the many branch routes. While parts of these routes had been in use for millennia, by the 2nd century BCE the volume of exchange had increased substantially, as had the long-distance trade between East and West in high-value goods such as silk, particularly between the Chinese and Roman Empires.
The political, social and cultural impacts of these movements had far-reaching consequences for all the societies touched by them. For almost two millennia the exchange between East and West helped develop many of the world’s great civilizations and added to the common prosperity of humankind.
—— ”Safeguarding Cultural Heritage Along the Silk Roads“
viaWorld Heritage: The Silk Roads(No. 93, October 2019)
In this year’s World Heritage Committee meeting, which combined the proposals from 2020 and 2021, 33 new properties were added to the World Heritage List; 28 are cultural properties and 5 are natural properties.
New inscribed cultural properties 2020:
Arslantepe Mound (Turkey)
Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex (Peru)
Colonies of Benevolence (Belgium, Netherlands)
Cordouan Lighthouse (France)
Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple Telangana (India)
Mathildenh?he Darmstadt (Germany)
Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (Italy)
Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences (Spain)
Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (China)
Ro?ia Montan? Mining Landscape (Romania)
Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (Brazil)
The Great Spa Towns of Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czechia, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
The word of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida (Uruguay)
Trans-Iranian Railway (Islamic Republic of Iran)
Himā Cultural Area (Saudi Arabia)
New inscribed natural properties 2020:
Amami-Oshima island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Japan)
Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (Georgia)
Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats (Republic of Korea)
Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (Thailand)
New inscribed cultural properties 2021:
As-Salt-- The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (Jordan)
Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/ Uramanat (Islamic Republic of Iran)
Dholavira: a Harappan City (India)
Frontiers of the Roman Empire-- the Lower German Limes (Germany, Netherlands)
Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Japan)
Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera (France)
Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea (Russian Federation)
Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the arica and Parinacota Region (Chile)
ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz (Germany)
Sudanese style mosques in northern C?te d’Ivoire (C?te d’Ivoire)
The Porticoes of Bologna (Italy)
The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
The works of Jo?e Ple?nik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design (Slovenia)
New inscribed natural properties 2021:
Ivindo National Park (Gabon)
復(fù)制粘貼網(wǎng)址鏈接，閱讀并下載《信使》雜志全文
The State of the world heritage (September 1997)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109370?posInSet=2&queryId=f4e44b71-a405-4c0f-9c07-338df03a83b7
A Legacy for all (August 1988)
Cultural sites in China, India, Iran and Spain inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List
https://en.unesco.org/news/cultural-sites-china-india-iran-and-spain-inscribed-unescos-world-heritage-list
WHC: New Inscribed Properties (2021)
https://whc.unesco.org/en/newproperties/
World Heritage Magazine: The Silk Roads
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372195?posInSet=1&queryId=91ff70ea-4531-403b-b202-051bed990c04
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