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英語專業(yè)八級考試(TEM-8)的選材主要來自英美報(bào)刊雜志、廣播電臺或網(wǎng)站。其中一個包括：TED演講，2018和2016年專八聽力講座(Mini-lecture)就來自TED演講。建議大家平時多看多聽TED演講。

• 珍品收藏 | 2018年TED演講視頻合集

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演講者：Joachim de Posada

演講題目: Don't eat the marshmallow!

中英文對照翻譯  

I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves.

我今天來這里是要告訴大家一個非常重要的事情。我認(rèn)為我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了走向成功最重要的因素。而這一成果就是在離這不遠(yuǎn)的斯坦福大學(xué)里發(fā)現(xiàn)的。心理學(xué)教授找來一些四歲大的幼童，把孩子自己留在一個房間里。

 

And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, 'Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two.' To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, 'We'll bring you coffee in two hours.' (Laughter) Exact equivalent.

然后他告訴四歲的孩子，“強(qiáng)尼，我要給你一顆棉花糖，給你十五分鐘。如果我回來的時候這顆棉花糖還在這兒，你會再得到一顆。這樣你就有兩顆了?！备嬖V一個四歲的小孩要等十五分鐘才能享受他所喜歡的東西，就如同告訴我們大人，“我們兩小時后會給你送咖啡來?！边@是完全一樣的事。

 

So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.

那么當(dāng)教授離開后，房間里發(fā)生了什么事呢？門關(guān)上之后...三分之二的小孩把棉花糖吃了。五秒，十秒，四十秒，五十秒， 兩分鐘，四分鐘，八分鐘。有些孩子堅(jiān)持了十四分半。沒辦法不吃。等不了。有趣的是，有三分之一的小孩看著棉花糖，像這個樣子... 盯著它。將它放回去。他們會走來走去。他們會玩他們的裙子或褲子。

 

That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study.

這個孩子，盡管才四歲，就已經(jīng)懂得成功最重要的原則。這就是「推遲享受」的能力。自律，成功最重要的因素。十五年后，十四到十五年后，再做后續(xù)研究。

 

What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么呢？研究人員找到這些已經(jīng)是十八、十九歲的小孩們。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)百分之百沒有吃棉花糖的小孩全部都很成功。他們學(xué)習(xí)成績很好。人生發(fā)展得非常好。他們都很快樂。對未來都有自己的規(guī)劃。他們和老師同學(xué)關(guān)系都很好。他們都生活得很好。

 

A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.

而吃了棉花糖的小孩中有很大一部份，都有些問題。他們沒考上大學(xué)。成績不佳，有些綴學(xué)了。另外一些雖然還在念書，但成績很差。只有少數(shù)人成績不錯。

 

I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.

我當(dāng)時有一個想法：西班牙語系國家的兒童跟M國兒童的反應(yīng)會是相同的嗎？所以我到哥倫比亞去了。我重復(fù)了這個試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果非常有意思。我找了四、五、六歲年齡不等的孩子。現(xiàn)在我給你們看看當(dāng)時的情況。

 

So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.

那么在哥倫比亞發(fā)生了什么呢？這些小孩，三分之二吃了棉花糖。三分之一沒有吃。這個小女孩非常有趣。她把棉花糖的芯吃了。也就是說，她希望我們以為她沒有吃，這樣她就可以得到兩顆。但她確實(shí)吃了。所以我們知道她將會成功，但是必須有人監(jiān)督她。比如說，她不應(yīng)該去銀行業(yè)上班，或者做收銀員工作。但是她將會成功。

 

And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, 'I want that.' And the person says, 'Okay, here you are.' That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, 'Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice.' Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.

這能應(yīng)用到很多事情上。甚至在銷售上。比如一個推銷員--當(dāng)客戶說，“我要那個?！边@個推銷員就說，“好的，給你?！边@個推銷員當(dāng)初一定吃了棉花糖。如果這個推銷員說，“請等一下，讓我問您一些問題，看看這是不是個好的選擇。”那樣就可以賣更多的東西。所以這能應(yīng)用在生活的各個方面。

 

I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.

我現(xiàn)在收尾——講講韓國人的做法。你們猜怎么著？這個試驗(yàn)太好了，我們想要一本有關(guān)棉花糖的兒童書。我們就為兒童出了一本書?，F(xiàn)在這本書風(fēng)靡全韓國。韓國人教給孩子們的就是這個道理。在M國我們也需要懂得這個道理。因?yàn)槲覀兦妨艘黄ü傻膫?。我們吃的棉花糖要比我們生產(chǎn)的多。非常感謝大家。