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Book 6 Unit 2 聽寫檢測
I. Listen and write down the words you hear.(15marks) twice 3 minutes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
II. Listen and write down the phrases, and then translate them into Chinese. (25 marks)twice 3 minutes
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
III. Listen to the sentences and fill in the missing words. (20marks) twice 4 minutes
He is drunk and drive.
My eyes slowly grew the dark.
Don't be too him—he is only a child.
If we go to war, innocent lives will be .
I'm admit that I've never read Harry Potter.
He felt he had to every step instead of .
He kindness, duty and order in society.
The town was cut off from the rest of the world heavy snow.
She athletics for two years after failing a drug test.
A textaholic can be defined as someone who sending and receiving messages.
IV. Listen and write down the sentences. (20marks) three times 3 minutes
V. Listen to the passage and fill in the missing words. (20 marks) twice 4 minutes
Dear James, I learn that you've smoked for some time and find it difficult to give it up. You know, during 1. I was also addicted to 2. . As I know, you can become addicted in three different ways. Firstly, you can become physically addicted to nicotine. I remember when this chemical left my body I was feeling 3. . Secondly, you can become addicted by habit. That is, if you do the same thing again and again, you begin to do it 4. . Lastly, you can become 5. addicted. I was addicted in all theree ways. But hard as it was , I managed to 6. smoking anyway. Do you know that there are many 7. of smoking? For example, it can do great damage to your heart and 8. and it is more difficult for smoking couples to become 9. . What's more, it can affect the health of non-smokers. I used to enjoy sports but later I noticed I became10. quickly. I knew it was time to give up smoking. I've attached some advice I found on the Internet. I hope it will be of some help to you. Love from Grandad.
聽寫答案
I
1.alcohol 2.weaken 3.fitness 4.obesity 5.strengthen 6.packet 7.relaxation 8.survival 9.resolve 10.female 11.male 12.prejudice 13.judgement 14.awkward 15.automatic
II（中文略）
1.drug abuse 2.a tough job 3.mental labour 4.get into trouble 5.illegal activities 6.a needle and thread 7.an embarrassed smile 8.beyond comprehension 9.relieve stress 10.a desperate attempt
III
1.unfit to 2.accustomed to 3.tough on 4.put at risk 5.ashamed to 6.decide on; taking risks 7.stressed the importance of 8.due to 9.was banned from 10.is addicted to
IV
Bitter pills may have wholesome effects.
It is such a fine day. I feel like going out for a picnic.
We were deeply disappointed to find the museum was closed.
In spite of ups and downs, she never takes her fate lying down.
Global warming is having a great effect on plant and animal species around the world.
V
1.adolescence 2.cigarettes 3.bad-tempered 4.automatically 5.mentally 6.quit 7.harmful effects 8.lungs 9.pregnant 10.breathless
還記得2012年甚囂塵上的“世界末日說”么？世界末日在英語中可表達(dá)為Judgment Day或Doomsday。judgment是抽象名詞，單純從所給漢語釋義無法參透其背后含義，通過給出動詞詞根釋義學(xué)習(xí)名詞釋義，再結(jié)合英語釋義是學(xué)習(xí)抽象名詞的好方法，有助于更全面、更準(zhǔn)確地掌握judgment的釋義。下面我們一起來看看judge和judgment的具體釋義和搭配：
高考風(fēng)向標(biāo)
judge
♂ judge作動詞時釋義較多，其基本義是 “判斷”。針對不同的對象，在不同的語境中產(chǎn)生不同的含義，即衍生義；
♂ 可通過judge基本義啟發(fā)學(xué)生理解不同語境下的其他釋義，也可培養(yǎng)學(xué)生通過建立基本義和衍生義之間的聯(lián)系來記憶各層釋義；
judgment:
♂judgment多出現(xiàn)在高考閱讀理解中，考查其在不同語境中的含義，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)理解其釋義。
抽象名詞學(xué)習(xí)法
對于高中生來說，理解并做到熟練運(yùn)用抽象名詞比較困難，需要有教師的指導(dǎo)。首先，教師要對高中階段所能接觸到的抽象名詞進(jìn)行大致的分類，再根據(jù)抽象名詞的不同特點(diǎn)，采用不同的方法，給學(xué)生以針對性的點(diǎn)撥。
針對高中階段所涉及的抽象名詞，我們可以采用以下幾種方法教授。
一、直接通過漢語釋義
像attitude，feeling，advantage等抽象名詞可以很好地和中文對應(yīng)，學(xué)生通過漢語釋義即可掌握。
二、通過具象化的釋義來理解抽象化的釋義
具象化釋義和抽象化釋義之間的聯(lián)系是理解抽象名詞釋義的一個訣竅。當(dāng)遇見多義抽象名詞時，要幫助學(xué)生挖掘各義項間的聯(lián)系，梳理具象化釋義與抽象化釋義之間的聯(lián)系。
三、通過英語釋義
有些抽象名詞，例如某些外來詞、音譯詞，僅通過漢語釋義，學(xué)生并不能準(zhǔn)確理解其真正的內(nèi)涵，這時，可以通過英語釋義來準(zhǔn)確把握抽象名詞的釋義。
四、通過詞源義了解詞匯的內(nèi)涵
梳理詞源義有助于學(xué)生把握詞匯的根基，是學(xué)生理解詞匯內(nèi)涵的有效手段之一。
五、通過動詞詞根釋義
由動詞派生而來的抽象名詞，可以通過理解、掌握動詞的釋義來幫助理解抽象名詞的釋義。
Key:
一、1.judg(e)ment 2. judging 3. about / on
二、1. 判斷 2. 裁判 3. 評價 4. 估計
本單元出現(xiàn)strengthen (加強(qiáng))，weaken(減弱) 兩個動詞，二者互為反義詞，共同特征是在詞根后加動詞后綴-en變?yōu)閯釉~。-en意為“使具有某種特性”，多加在形容詞或名詞后構(gòu)成動詞，如：broaden, darken, deepen, fasten,frighten, harden, lengthen, lessen, loosen, quicken, ripen, sharpen, shorten,*threaten, widen等。
除了-en，其他常見動詞后綴，詳見如下：
一、-ate 使具有某種性質(zhì)
一般加在名詞后，如：activate, circulate,*complicate,*motivate, *regulate
二、-fy: 使得，使……變成，使(某人) 充滿 (某種感情)
一般加在形容詞或名詞后，如：
clarify,classify, electrify, *horrify, identify, *justify, purify, qualify, satisfy, simplify,signify,
*specify,terrify
三、-ize / ise: 使，使……化；以……方式
一般加在形容詞或名詞后，如：
apologize,*criticize, *emphasize, *globalize, internationalize, memorize, modernize, organize,popularize, realize, recognize, symbolize
本單元所學(xué)單詞abnormal,unfit, illegal分別由ab-+ normal，un-+fit，il-+legal構(gòu)成。根據(jù)三者詞義及詞根詞義，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)ab-，un-，il-是含否定意義的前綴。除了這三者，還有哪些常見的否定前綴呢？我們一一總結(jié)如下：
一、dis-不，否定，相反
多加在形容詞、名詞或動詞前，如：disability, disabled, disadvantage,disagree, disagreement, disapprove, discharge (解雇), discount, discourage, discover, dishonest,dislike, disorder, disuse。
二、in-/ il- / im- / ir- 不，非，無
il-,im-, ir-是in-變體：
in-是常見的否定詞綴，多加在形容詞前，如：inability,inconvenient, *incredible, inexpensive, *informal；
il加在以l開頭的單詞前，如：illegal；
im-加在以b, m, p開頭的單詞前，如：imbalance,immoral (不道德的),impatient, impolite, impossible；
ir-加在以r開頭的單詞前，如：irregular,irrelevant (不相關(guān)的),*irresponsible。
三、mis-錯誤地；壞的；不，相反
多加在動詞或名詞前，如： misfortune, mislead, mistake,mistreat, mistrust, misunderstand, misuse。
四、non-無，不，非
多加在名詞或形容詞前，如：non-fiction(紀(jì)實文學(xué)),non-official, non-profit, nonsense, nonsmoking, non-recycling, nonstop。
五、un-不；表示相反的動作
多加在形容詞、動詞或動詞過去分詞前，如： unable, unaware, unbearable, unbelievable, unblock, uncertain, uncomfortable,*unconscious (無意識的),uncover, undo, undress, unemployment, unexpected, unfair, unfavourable, unforgettable,unfortunate, unlike, unlikely, unlock, unnecessary, unpack, unusual, unwilling。
其他否定前綴還有anti- [反對，對抗；相反；防 (止)]、de- (否定，相反；除去；減少)，如：
anti-: *anti-aging,anti-anxiety, anti-hero, anti-slavery, anti-theft, anti-virus, anti-war
de-: defrost(解凍),delete, deindustrialization
英語和漢語的詞匯并非完全一一對應(yīng)，有些英語單詞的漢語釋義不能充分表達(dá)出單詞的意思，這時就需要借助英語釋義。用英語解釋英語，有助于準(zhǔn)確把握一個詞的基本含義，而了解了基本含義，不管語境怎樣變化都能結(jié)合具體的語境確定一個詞的具體含義。
有作業(yè)時學(xué)生通常會問“什么時候交？(When is it due?)”。單詞due與期限(deadline)和欠(owe)的東西有關(guān)。如果你從圖書館借的書要還了，可以說it’s due。欠的賬單 (bills) 要交了，可以說they’re due。單詞due構(gòu)詞雖然簡單，但釋義多，很難理解，需要借助英語釋義才能理解其精準(zhǔn)含義。
學(xué)習(xí)下面幾種情況的單詞或短語需要借助英語釋義：
一、多義詞的幾個義項間的漢語釋義易混淆
如：behave 表現(xiàn) to act in a particular way
(使) 舉止規(guī)矩；(使)表現(xiàn)得體 to act in a correct or appropriate way
二、沒有特別精準(zhǔn)的與之對應(yīng)的漢語釋義
如：available可用的；可得到的
able to be used or can easily be bought or found
三、易混淆的近義詞
如：tour 旅行；觀光 a short journey made for pleasure
trip旅行；出行 a short round journey instead of one-way,
usually for a particular purpose
四、書面語或者正式用語
如：acquire [正式用語] (經(jīng)過努力) 獲得；學(xué)到
to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behavior
五、英語釋義是幾個詞意思的綜合
如：upset心煩意亂的；難過的worried and unhappy
六、常用詞的生僻詞義
如：accept接納 to allow sb to join a group, etc.
NOTE: 不建議所有的詞都給出英語釋義，那樣反而會增加負(fù)擔(dān)。
tough源于古英語，其基本義是“strong and firm 結(jié)實的”，指材料的質(zhì)地“結(jié)實的”，后逐漸衍生出指人“strong, powerful”，隨后又衍生出了其他釋義。理清各項釋義間的聯(lián)系可以幫助我們輕松記憶tough的各項釋義。
通過典型例句來加深理解并記憶各項釋義。
詞匯拓展
小測驗
'It' 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it主要用法歸納如下：
表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象??
替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。
It 作形式主語的常見句型：
1. 代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate...
例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型
It's no good/use doing…
It's (well)worth doing…
It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do…
It's (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主語的從句常見句型
(1) It is + noun +從句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It's surprising that? (should)???竟然??
It's a pity/shame that?(should)???竟然??
例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /
bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
1. It takes sb. ? to do?(=sb takes?to do?)某人用多長時間做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do?（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It's (about/high) time that? should /v-ed?是該做某事的時候了
例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It's the x-th time (that) ? have v-ed?第幾次做某事了
例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been? since ?continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動詞) 某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了
例 It's 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)? before?過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。
It 作形式賓語的常見句型：
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it important that you (should) attend the conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
5. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that...把...歸功于...
leave it to sb that...把...留給某人去做
take it for granted that ...想當(dāng)然
keep it in mind that…牢記
例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語從句緊跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后（except that例外）
例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
素材來源：維克多英語& 高中英語
