英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(四)
四、簡(jiǎn)潔凝練
簡(jiǎn)潔凝練的語(yǔ)言能夠較為清楚地表達(dá)思想，更加有力地突出重點(diǎn)。要避免內(nèi)容羅嗦、結(jié)構(gòu)松散可以從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：
1、避免使用空洞、多余的詞語(yǔ)
空洞的詞語(yǔ)是給文章添加的累贅。寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)掌握這樣的原則：能用單個(gè)單詞表達(dá)的盡量不用空洞的短語(yǔ)去表達(dá)。例：
冗長(zhǎng)：At this point of time Allen has not yet reached a decision about whether he will offer her a job.
簡(jiǎn)練：At present Allen hasn’t decided whether he will offer her a job.
2、避免不必要的重復(fù)
重復(fù)使用某些詞語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以構(gòu)成平行的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，或達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的，但是，無(wú)目的的重復(fù)則會(huì)導(dǎo)致冗長(zhǎng)、笨拙的句子的產(chǎn)生。寫(xiě)作時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)需要，決定是否重復(fù)表達(dá)某些內(nèi)容。例：
冗長(zhǎng)：My hometown is a quiet, peaceful（安寧的）place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.
簡(jiǎn)練：My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place because of the small number of people.
3、避免過(guò)多地使用并列句
過(guò)多地使用并列句指的是盲目地把幾個(gè)并不同等重要的分句用并列連詞連接在一起，結(jié)果使全句邏輯關(guān)系模糊，讀來(lái)令人感到單調(diào)乏味。修改這樣的句子，可根據(jù)各個(gè)分句間的邏輯關(guān)系，將一些次要分句改為從句、修飾語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)等。例：
冗長(zhǎng)：We were driving out into the country, and we met our first English teacher riding in a bus, and the bus was crowded.
簡(jiǎn)練：As we were driving out into the country, we met our first English teacher riding in a crowded bus.
4、避免過(guò)多地使用從屬句
英語(yǔ)中比較重要的從屬概念可用從句的形式來(lái)表達(dá)，其他次要的概念則多用詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)，因?yàn)榫渥颖榷陶Z(yǔ)顯得更重要。過(guò)多地使用從句會(huì)把次要的與主要的概念混為一談，從而削弱句子重點(diǎn)。糾正過(guò)多的從屬結(jié)構(gòu)，可以采用把從句改成修飾語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或簡(jiǎn)單句等形式。例：
冗長(zhǎng)：He is a man who is honest and who never tells lies.
簡(jiǎn)練：He is an honest man, who never tells lies.
5、避免過(guò)多使用碎句
碎句就是短句。書(shū)面表達(dá)中過(guò)多使用碎句，會(huì)破壞信息的連貫性，使表達(dá)的內(nèi)容顯得羅嗦、拖沓。通常通過(guò)使用同位結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句等形式可將碎句巧妙地合并在一起。例：
碎句：It is a beautiful day, and the sun is shining and a breeze（微風(fēng)）is blowing.
精練：It is a beautiful day with the sun shining and a breeze blowing.
碎句：Carl went to the airport. He wanted to see Mrs Black off.
精練：Carl went to the airport to see Mrs Black off.
練習(xí)：在不改變句意的情況下，改寫(xiě)下列句子，使其更加簡(jiǎn)潔凝練。
1. There are over fifty students in this school who are going to take part in the sports meet which is planned for next Sunday.
2. Because of the fact that I had a lot of work to do, it wasn’t possible for me to accept their invitation.
3. The problem of pollution is serious in our city, but if we try our best to stop the pollution, the pollution will stop.
4. He told us a story; the story was very interesting.
5. Eugene O’Neill, was an American writer, and he had an unhappy childhood, and he told the story of his childhood in a play named A Long Days’s Journey Into Night and he said it was written in tears and blood.
參考答案：
1. Over fifty students in this school are going to take part in the sports meet next Sunday.
2. I was too busy to accept their invitation.
3. The problem of pollution is serious in our city, but if we try our best ,the pollution will stop.
4. He told us a very interesting story.
5. Eugene O’Neill, an American writer, told the story of his unhappy childhood in a play named A Long Day’s Journey Into Night, which he said was written in tears and blood.
高中英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(五)
http://169en.com/school/senior/07519115533CA00I.html
五、語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)
文章要吸引讀者注意，激發(fā)讀者興趣，語(yǔ)言就需生動(dòng)，充滿活力。若想使句子形式多樣、語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)、內(nèi)容豐富，就必須通過(guò)以下方式對(duì)句子加以變化，而不是一成不變地使用“主——謂——賓”或“主——系——表”的句式來(lái)表達(dá)一切內(nèi)容。
1、變化詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式。例：
We are preparing for the coming exam. →
We are getting ready for the coming exam.
2．變化句型。例：
I’m sorry not to have answered your letter earlier. →
I’m sorry that I have not answered your letter earlier.
3．變化語(yǔ)序。例：
正裝語(yǔ)序：The thief went away into the forest.
倒裝語(yǔ)序：Away went the thief into the forest.
4．變化語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：We happened to meet him in the bookstore.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：He happened to be met by us in the bookstore.
5．變化句子開(kāi)頭。例：
主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭：The radio weather report is very important in the farmer’s life.
表語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭：Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭：They finished what they were asked to do in ten days in two.
賓語(yǔ)從句開(kāi)頭：What they were asked to do in ten days, they finished in two.
6．變化主體和客體。例：
I spent two yuan on the beancurd.(主體是I).
The beancurd cost me two yuan.(主體是the beancurd)
7．變化正面敘述和反面敘述。例：
正面敘述：He likes money best.
反面敘述：He likes nothing better than money.
練習(xí):按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫(xiě)下列句子：
1.You may look after her by turns.(用take turns改寫(xiě)句子)
2.He is never unfriendly to us.(用肯定式表達(dá))
3.Her father walked home angry.(用形容詞開(kāi)頭)
4.Paper can be made from wood.(將主體改為wood)
5.I could hardly recognize(認(rèn)出) him at first.(改為倒裝語(yǔ)序)
參考答案：
1.You may take turns to look after her.
2.He is always friendly to us.
3.Angry, her father walked home.
4.Wood can be made into paper.
5.Hardly could I recognize him at once.
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