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網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的教學(xué)發(fā)展簡史

古話說：以銅為鏡，以正衣冠；以史為鑒，方知興替。在人們關(guān)注如何走出教育信息化的高原期，探索信息技術(shù)與課程的深度整合，努力提高教育信息化的效益的時(shí)候，看看計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)入教育應(yīng)用的發(fā)展歷史，可能會(huì)給我們一些啟發(fā)。

Online Learning History

Let‘s build up a complete history of key milestones in internet-based learning. Each event should be a heading that includes the date.

Contents

1 1960 - PLATO

2 1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation

3 1969 - Founding of the Internet

4 1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs

5 1979 - USENET begins

6 1982 - Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC)

7 1984 - CSILE

8 1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University)

9 1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC)

10 1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach)

11 1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group

12 1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School

13 1994/95 - CALCampus.com

14 1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the University of Illinois

15 1995 - BSCW 1.0

16 1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public

17 1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise

18 1996 - TELSI Pro developed

19 1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN

20 1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use

21 1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC (University of Paisley)

22 1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE

23 1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released

24 1997 - Blackboard was founded

25 1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle

26 1998 - Blackboard released its first software product

27 1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched

28 1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released

30 2000 - Claroline project was initiated

31 2000 - Manhattan 1.0 is released

32 2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle

33 2002 Multiple Events

34 2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects

35 2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released

36 2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138

37 See Also

詳細(xì)的介紹

1960 - PLATO

PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) system developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The system remains in operation until the mid-1990s. Wikipedia background on PLATO.

1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation Relevant quote: "Get the most comprehensive generalized computer setup with network connections to process the documentaries that your faculty and graduate-student teams will manufacture objectively from the subjective gleanings of your vast new world- and universe-ranging student probers." (p.85)

1969 - Founding of the Internet US DoD commissions ARPANET. Hobbes Timeline.

1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs Ivan Illich describes a computer-based education network in his book Deschooling Society.

1979 - USENET begins USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.* hierarchy. Hobbes Timeline.

1982 - Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC)

The Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC) was founded in 1982 in Rindge, New Hampshire, as a small, offline computer-based, adult learning center. The center was based on the same premise as today: to provide affordable, quality instruction to individual learners through the use of computers. Origins of CALCampus.

1984 - CSILE

CSILE, an educational knowledge media system, developed by Scardamalia & Bereiter at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. ... CSILE based on Zimmerman‘s (1989) self-regulated learning (CSILE term is intentional learning) and constructivists‘ view of learning. It emphasizes on building a classroom culture supportive of active knowledge construction that can extend individual intentional learning to the group level. The purpose is to make students think and reflect their thought process which provoke question asking and answering in a public forum. The ultimate goal is to get students involved in knowledge itself rather than improve one‘s mind, a World 3 view , which shifts from individual mastery learning to improve the quality of public collective knowledge (Scardamalia, et al., 1994). - from [1]

1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University)

In 1987, Jones launched M/EU, a cable channel carrying varied educational programming... The advent of the Internet helped facilitate communication in these telecourses.[2]

1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC)

The AICC was formed out of a need for hardware standardization of CBT delivery platforms. Important milestones include: 1989 - Common platform guidelines for CBT delivery (AGR-002), 1992 - A DOS-based digital audio guideline (AGR-003) before the advent of window multimedia standards. The guideline enabled end-users to use one audio card for multiple vendors‘ CBT courseware. Due to the huge amount of CBT legacy courseware, this guideline is still in use., 1993 - A guideline for CMI (LMS) interoperability was created. This guideline (AGR-006) resulted in the CMI systems that are able to share data with LAN-based CBT courseware from multiple vendors. 1996 - A navigation icon guideline (AGR-009) to help standardize the student user controls in CBT. 1998 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include web-based CBT (or WBT). This new web-based guideline is called AGR-010. 1999 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include a JavaScript API interface. (This the basis of the SCORM runtime environment). 2005 - The Package Exchange Notification Services (PENS) guideline (AGR-011) allows Authoring/Content Management system to seemless integrate publishing with LMS systems. [3]

1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach)

The system was developed at Michigan State University and was first used in a small (92 student) physics class in the Fall of 1992.[4]

1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group

The system evolves into the Lotus Learning Management System and Lotus Virtual Classroom, now owned by IBM.

1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School [5]

In August and September 1994, a Virtual Summer School (VSS) for Open University undergraduate course D309 Cognitive Psychology enabled students to attend an experimental version of summer school ‘electronically‘, i.e. from their own homes using a computer and a modem. VSS students were able to participate in group discussions, run experiments, obtain one-to-one tuition, listen to lectures, ask questions, participate as subjects in experiments, conduct literature searches, browse original journal publications, work in project teams, undertake statistical analyses, prepare and submit nicely formatted individual or joint written work, prepare plenary session presentations, and even socialize and chit-chat, all without ever leaving their homes.

1994/95 - CALCampus.com

CALCampus was the first to develop and implement the concept of a totally online-based school through which administration, real-time classroom instruction, and materials were provided, originating with the QuantumLink campus. This was a significant departure from earlier methods of distance education because no longer was the individual distance learner isolated from the teacher and from classmates. Origins of CALCampus.

1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the University of Illinois

Mallard overview. See also CyberProf[6] (also copyrighted in 1995 from University of Illinois)

1995 - BSCW 1.0

Papers and timeline are here : http://bscw.fit.fraunhofer.de/Papers/index.html

1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicenet

1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise

WOLF (Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework)[7] developed at Wolverhampton University‘s DELTA institute under the guidance of Stephen Molyneux. [8] This went on to be released commercially by Granada Learning as Learnwise [9]

1996 - TELSI Pro developed

TELSI (Telematic Environment for Language Simulations) was a VLE developed at the University of Oulu in Finland. Development was headed by Eric Rouselle and was continued into present day Discendum Optima.

1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN

Mid 1997 CourseInfo founded by Dan Cane and Stephen Gilfus. http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/97/10.16.97/Web_company.html

The "Interactive Learning Network" ILN 1.5, was released and installed at several academic institutions including Cornell University, Yale Medical School and University of Pittsburgh. The ILN was the first e-learning system of it‘s kind to leverage and install on top of a relational database MySqL.

http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/env/aera/aera-lists/aera-c/97-11/0123.html

1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use

Manhattan was in use at this time at Western New England College, and included handouts, assignments, forums etc

1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC (University of Paisley)

Pioneer was an online learning environment developed initially for colleges in Scotland. Pioneer was web-based and featured: online course materials (published by the lecturers themselves) integral email to allow communications between students and tutors forum tools chat tools timeatable. The main driver for Pioneer was Jackie Galbraith. When MEDC was closed, the Pioneer development team moved to SCET in 1998 taking Pioneer with them when it became SCETPioneer. SCETPioneer was used by Glasgow Colleges and a number of other colleges in Scotland. SCET merged with the SCCC and became Learning and Teaching Scotland

1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE

Development of Nathan Bodington VLE at Leeds University begins from the Bionet TLTP project

History of Bodington: http://bodington.org/history.php

Dates of Bodington development appear here :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments

1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released

Powerpoint presentation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments

1997 - Blackboard was founded

參考：Blackboard的發(fā)展歷史：http://www.blackboard.com/company/history.aspx

1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle

This paper contains some early thoughts，Martin Dougiamas早期開發(fā)Moodle的思想： http://lsn.curtin.edu.au/tlf/tlf1999/dougiamas.html

1998 - Blackboard released its first software product

An online learning application, Blackboard‘s CourseInfo, developed at Cornell University by the CourseInfo team.[11]

1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched

Nicenet provides Internet Classroom Assistant (ICA2) with web-based conferencing, personal messaging, document sharing, scheduling and link/resource sharing to a variety of learning environments. http://www.nicenet.org/ica/ica_info.cfm

1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released

The Cisco Networking Academy Management System (CNAMS) is released to faciliate communication and course management of the largest blended learning initiative of its time, the Cisco Networking Academy. It includes tools to maintain rosters, gradebooks, forums, as well as a scalable, robust assessment engine.

1999

Martin trials early prototypes of Moodle. Martin‘s paper, Improving the effectiveness of tools for Internet based education, details one case study and includes screenshots

Desire2Learn founded in Canada （Jiahou注：Desire2Learn是加拿大目前正在中小學(xué)推廣使用的學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)，2006年年11月4日，我到加拿大參觀學(xué)校，他們的教師正在培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)Desire2Learn的課程設(shè)計(jì)方法。）

2000 - Claroline project was initiated

The Claroline project was initiated in 2000 at the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium) by Thomas De Praetere and was financially supported by the Louvain Foundation.

claroline.net

dates and credits

2000 - Manhattan 1.0 is released

In October of 2000, Manhattan Virtual Campus was released in its entirety on the Internet for free under the GNU General Public License.

http://manhattan.sourceforge.net

2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle

See this announcement

2002 Multiple Events

August - Moodle 1.0 is released

Summer - Seque Project releases first version of its elearning software

September - Site@School released

2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects （Jiahou注：Sakai是美國幾家大學(xué)聯(lián)合開發(fā)的學(xué)習(xí)管理系統(tǒng)，類似Moodle，目前正在國際上推廣，不久前，華東師范大學(xué)邀請Sakai的專家來中國講學(xué)。）

2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released

2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138

This patent, filed on June 30, 2000 (with pending and related applications dating as early as June 1999) and issued on January 17, 2006, contains very extensive claims pertaining to every aspect of online course delivery. The breadth of this patent would seemingly give Blackboard the ability to enforce this intellectual property against other producers of online course delivery systems.

2007，June，Moodle 1.71+ is released

Jiahou注：

2004，中國部分學(xué)校開始學(xué)習(xí)Moodle 1.54

2005，哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)將Moodle 1.6 進(jìn)行中文翻譯。

2006，3月，上海師范大學(xué)教育技術(shù)系組織2005級(jí)研究生學(xué)習(xí)研究Moodle 1.54

2006，10月，Moodle的中文名稱被我們翻譯為“魔燈”。

2006，10月，蘇州市教育信息化工作會(huì)議上正式推廣介紹魔燈（Moodle1.6）。

2006，11月，魔燈（Moodle1.7-1.8b）的中文翻譯工作由上海師范大學(xué)教育技術(shù)系2006級(jí)研究生完成。

2006,  11月，魔燈（Moodle1.6）正式進(jìn)入鞍山一中骨干教師高級(jí)培訓(xùn)班、淄博市骨干教師高級(jí)研修班、中山市信息化研究型教師高級(jí)研修班、英特爾未來教育校長高級(jí)研修班（上海）。

2007，魔燈（Moodle1.71+）將列入上海市閔行區(qū)、浦東新區(qū)、嘉定區(qū)的教師培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，浙江省教研活動(dòng)，北京市部分學(xué)校的教師培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。

2007，魔燈（Moodle1.71+）將列入上海師范大學(xué)本科師范生專業(yè)必修課程。

更多參考，See Also ：

http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Online_Training/Delivery_and_Management_Systems/

http://www.google.com/Top/Reference/Education/Instructional_Technology/Course_Website_Software/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_language_learning CALI History in this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_learning#See_also

Foundations of Distance Education

1997 Conference: Trends & Issues in Online Instruction

http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/SEP01_Issue/article01.html mentions: Unix courses @ Nova University early 70s and National Technological University (NTU)

資料來源： http://docs.moodle.org/en/Online_Learning_History 

思考題：

1、  從信息技術(shù)在教育中的應(yīng)用的發(fā)展歷程，計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)是如何與教學(xué)活動(dòng)整合的？其發(fā)展的過程與教育思想的發(fā)展有哪些聯(lián)系，為什么?