12.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [句子主干] Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by… [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 有并列從句和省略。With引導(dǎo)的是伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),修飾的是整個(gè)第一分句描述的狀態(tài)。and引導(dǎo)的分句省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞marked ,所以要注意其實(shí)該分句并不隸屬于第一分句,而是與之并列的結(jié)構(gòu)。 [句子翻譯] 依賴的最初表現(xiàn)為耐受力增強(qiáng),用量越來(lái)越大才能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果,一旦停用就會(huì)產(chǎn)生不舒服的癥狀。 [翻譯技巧] 有些同學(xué)遇上伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)就不知道如何翻譯了,其實(shí)只要按照原來(lái)的語(yǔ)序順次翻譯就是。 13.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. [句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that… [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 該句沒(méi)有從句結(jié)構(gòu),而是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分構(gòu)成。用would是因?yàn)楸磉_(dá)了某人的主觀態(tài)度和意愿。 [句子翻譯] 但他也談到了創(chuàng)作自由與社會(huì)責(zé)任之間要“努力保持均衡”這一問(wèn)題。他宣布公司將盡力對(duì)可能招致大眾反對(duì)的音樂(lè)制定各種發(fā)行和標(biāo)識(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[翻譯技巧]雖然沒(méi)有從句結(jié)構(gòu),但是由于句子太長(zhǎng),有眾多的修飾成分,所以建議還是拆為兩句較好。 14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. [句子主干] Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 有省略。close to分句是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,省略了which was。Before后面的成分是對(duì)全句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是狀語(yǔ)成分。狀語(yǔ)成分可以置句首,也可以置句末,并無(wú)定規(guī)。之所以用rising,是因?yàn)檫@里需要一 個(gè)名次性的結(jié)構(gòu)the inflation which was,這樣顯得簡(jiǎn)潔得多。 [句子翻譯] 七大工業(yè)國(guó)家的通貨膨脹率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年來(lái)最低水平,今年7月才小幅上漲到2.5%,比許多國(guó)家70年代和80年代兩位數(shù)低了很多。 [翻譯技巧] the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工業(yè)國(guó)。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。 15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. [句子主干] Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have … [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have been…是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)關(guān)注,現(xiàn)在也在關(guān)注,是一個(gè)從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。Since引導(dǎo)的是表原因的狀語(yǔ)從句。 [句子翻譯] 特別讓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家感到詫異的是,英美兩國(guó)的通貨膨脹帶來(lái)的是良性的結(jié)果,因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的分析方法表明,兩國(guó)尤其是美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)幾乎沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)滑坡。 [翻譯技巧] favorable表示的是“非常好的”,不是“非常喜歡的”,與個(gè)人取向沒(méi)有關(guān)系。productive slack是“生產(chǎn)滑坡”的意思。 16.Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have. [句子主干] Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is… [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 有套合從句。本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句很簡(jiǎn)單,而because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句中,又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)從句中,主語(yǔ)an agreed account of human rights由一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的飛行定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾,而這個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句the world does not have來(lái)修飾something。 [句子翻譯] 事實(shí)并非如此,因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同的認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的,而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。 [翻譯技巧] agree為“約定的”意思,agreed account直譯為“約定的看法”,意譯為“共同的認(rèn)識(shí)”。可見(jiàn)翻譯中一定要結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。an agreed account of human rights不可譯為“有同意的人權(quán)記錄”。此外,將不定代詞具體化,也更符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。 17.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. [句子主干] Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of… [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 該句仍為主從復(fù)合句That引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充當(dāng)了補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)的角色。 [句子翻譯] 有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō),權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中,是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。 [翻譯技巧] 要正確選擇contract的詞義,不要譯成從此“收縮,縮小”Argue不要譯成“爭(zhēng)論”,而要靈活處理成“論證說(shuō)”。 18.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. [句子主干] It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with… [語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)] 有并列從句和省略。冒號(hào)把句子分成兩部分,后一部分對(duì)前面部分作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。前面部分是簡(jiǎn)單句。后面部分是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是 animals,謂語(yǔ)是should be treated,either… or…引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),either引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)中,humans extend to other humans是一個(gè)省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語(yǔ)從句。 [句子翻譯] 這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。 [翻譯技巧] it 的所指要明確。leads thediscussion to extremes譯成“將討論引向兩個(gè)極端”,at the outset譯成“從一開(kāi)始”。注意把被動(dòng)句譯為主動(dòng)句,更合乎漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。 |
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