考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句精析（四）

19．Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in everyrelevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lieoutside the area of moral choice.
[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有套和從句。逗號(hào)前面是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，里面又有一個(gè)that從句作the view的同位語(yǔ)，逗號(hào)后面的that從句是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
[句子翻譯]
這類人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。
[翻譯技巧]
in every relevant respect譯成“各相關(guān)方面”，不要把respect 譯成“尊重”；extremists為極端主義者；let outside the area of moral choice譯成“不在道德范圍內(nèi)，不關(guān)乎道德”。
20．When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct formoral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged ratherthan laughed at.
[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is ….instinct…, an instinct that should be…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
以冒號(hào)為界，將全句分成兩個(gè)復(fù)合句。前面的復(fù)合句里，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when that happens敘述的是前一句tosee…的情形的出現(xiàn)。That修飾這種行為，主句表明這種行為并不錯(cuò)。冒號(hào)后面的復(fù)合句解釋為什么。這里有一個(gè)that從句，作instinct的定語(yǔ)。
[句子翻譯]
這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。
[翻譯技巧]
將that，it等代詞具體化，使譯文表達(dá)明確；reasoning不能譯成“原因”，而應(yīng)譯為“推理，推論”；inaction不能譯成“在行動(dòng)中”，而譯成“在起作用”，action在此是“作用，性能”的意思；翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，使用“得到”，“遭到”等，使譯文流暢自然。
21．The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giantreservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barelygenerates electricity.
[句子主干]      
The Aswan Dam, … stopped the Nile flooding…but…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有插入語(yǔ)。for example是個(gè)插入結(jié)構(gòu)，不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，是“如此……以至于”的意思。
[句子翻譯]
以阿斯旺大壩為例，它擋住了尼羅河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖積的肥沃土壤，換回來(lái)的卻是一個(gè)病態(tài)的大水庫(kù)。現(xiàn)在水庫(kù)積滿泥沙，幾乎不能用于發(fā)電了。
[翻譯技巧]the Nile是尼羅河。All in return意思是“換回來(lái)的全部則是”。
22．The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to theusual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so isnot conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
[句子主干]The trouble is that…is due to …, and so is not …
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有套和從句。the trouble is that…是表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。后一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的是修飾rebound的定語(yǔ)從句。
[句子翻譯]
問(wèn)題在于，近期的增長(zhǎng)一定程度上是因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)運(yùn)作周期漲落的結(jié)果，因此還不能得出經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢(shì)這一結(jié)論。
[翻譯技巧]
part of the recent acceleration不可譯為“一部分的最近的加速”，而是“最近加速部分是由于”。business cycle是指“商業(yè)周期”。
23．New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering anddownsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of aneconomy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investmentin equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in educationand training.
[句子主干]   
New  ways of …  workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有插入語(yǔ)。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中間的成分為插入結(jié)構(gòu)，可以視為括號(hào)里面的內(nèi)容。Such as后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)many other factors的列舉。在閱讀的時(shí)候基本可以跳過(guò)不看，除非后面有細(xì)節(jié)題考查這里的內(nèi)容。
[句子翻譯]
組織工作場(chǎng)所的新方法——包括機(jī)構(gòu)重組和縮小規(guī)模——只是促進(jìn)某個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體的綜合生產(chǎn)率提高的一項(xiàng)措施，還有其他許多因素促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率的提高，比如對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備的聯(lián)合投資、采用新技術(shù)、對(duì)教育培訓(xùn)投資等。
[翻譯技巧]
all that譯為“這一切包括”。overall productivity譯為“綜合生產(chǎn)力水平”。Joint investment譯為“聯(lián)合投資”。Drive譯為“驅(qū)動(dòng)”。
24．His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies haveapplied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costswithout giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.
[句子主干]   His colleague,…, says that… ,chopping out costs without giving…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有省略。chopping out costs without giving sufficient …分句是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。修飾的是前一分句的整體意思。without后面要跟現(xiàn)在分詞giving。
[句子翻譯]
他的同時(shí)邁克爾•比爾說(shuō)，為數(shù)眾多的公司以簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重組，降低了成本，但卻未能充分考慮長(zhǎng)期贏利。
[翻譯技巧]
far too many譯為“太多的（比實(shí)際需要）”。re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion應(yīng)譯為“以簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械的方式”。chop out譯為“削減”。
25. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked“antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by PaulR.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, amathematician at Rutgers University; and The DemonHaunted World, by CarSagan of Cornell University
[句子主干]   As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked…, notably…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]
有省略。as引導(dǎo)的是表原因的狀語(yǔ)成分。as表“因?yàn)?#8221;時(shí)只能放在句首。by后面的成分是舉例列舉的成分，和句子主題沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系。閱讀的時(shí)候不妨跳過(guò)去，后面如果問(wèn)到的話再回頭看不遲。
[句子翻譯]
由于科研經(jīng)費(fèi)減少，科學(xué)家推出幾本書來(lái)抨擊“反科學(xué)”傾向。其中值得注意的有弗吉尼亞大學(xué)生物學(xué)家保羅•R•格羅斯與拉特格斯大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)家諾曼•萊維特合寫的《高級(jí)迷信》以及康奈爾大學(xué)的卡爾•薩根寫的《鬼怪世界》
[翻譯技巧]
antiscience意思是“反科學(xué)”。Higher Superstition譯為“高級(jí)迷信”。attack是“攻擊”的意思。