1. besides
besides用作副詞主要表示補(bǔ)充說明，意思是“此外”“而且”。
如：
I don’t want to go shopping. Besides, I haven’t got any money.
我不想去購物，再說，我也沒有錢。
She won’t mind your being late —besides, it’s hardly your fault.
她不介意你遲到——況且這也不能說是你的錯。
2. however
however主要用于轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?，意思是“然而”“可是”“但是”?/p>
如：
Some of the food crops failed. However, the cotton did quite well.
有些糧食作物長得不好，但棉花長得很不錯。
His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他最初的反應(yīng)是不同意，但是后來他改變了主意。
3. instead
instead主要表示取而代之，大意是“相對”“而是”，有時需根據(jù)具體語境來翻譯。
如：
It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead.
開車去要好幾天呢，咱們還是坐飛機(jī)去吧。
My husband asked why I couldn’t just forget about dieting all the time and eat normally instead.
丈夫問我為什么就不能不整天想著節(jié)食，轉(zhuǎn)而正經(jīng)吃飯。
4. nevertheless
nevertheless 主要表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“盡管如此”“不過”“仍然”。
如：
There was no news; nevertheless we went on hoping.
盡管毫無消息，我們?nèi)员еＭ?/p>
It’s a difficult race. Nevertheless, thousands of runners participate every year.
那是艱難的比賽，但每年仍有數(shù)千人賽跑者參加。
5. meanwhile
(1) 表示時間，意思是“其間”“同時”“在此期間”。
如：
The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile, please remain seated.
航班很快就要廣播登機(jī)，在此期間請繼續(xù)坐在座位上。
Carl’s starting college in September. Meanwhile, he’s travelling around Europe.
卡爾9月將開始大學(xué)生活，此間他將去環(huán)游歐洲。
(2) 表示對比，意思是“相比之下”“然而”“而”。
如：
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects.
壓力會嚴(yán)重?fù)p害你的健康，鍛煉則可以減少這些影響。
He had always found his wife’s mother a bit annoying. The mother-daughter relationship, meanwhile, was close.
他總是覺得丈母娘有點煩人，然而她們母女之間的關(guān)系卻非常親密。
6. moreover
moreover主要表示補(bǔ)充說明，意思是“此外”“而且”，與besides大致同義。
如：
The firm did the work very well. Moreover, the cost was not too high.
這家公司做得十分出色，而且費用也不太高。
Bicycling is good exercise；moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air.
騎自行車是很好的運動，而且它不會污染空氣。
7. otherwise
otherwise主要表示否定的條件，意思是“否則”“要不然”。
如：
You’ll have to go now, otherwise you’ll miss your bus.
你現(xiàn)在得走了，不然你會趕不上公共汽車了。
I’d better write it down, otherwise I’ll forget it.
我最好把它寫下來，要不然我會忘記的。
8. therefore
therefore主要表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此”“所以”。
如：
We were unable to get funding and therefore had to abandon the project.
我們無法籌到資金，因此不得不放棄計劃。
Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories.
肌肉細(xì)胞需要很多能量，所以會燃燒大量卡路里。
9. thus
thus主要表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此”“所以”。
如：
No decision had been made, and thus the situation remained unclear.
由于沒有作出決定，所以事態(tài)并不明朗。
Fewer pupils will attend the schools, and they will thus have fewer teachers.
上學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)會減少，因此他們將會減少教師的數(shù)量。
10. anyway
anyway的用法比較復(fù)雜，同學(xué)們在備考時主要應(yīng)注意以下五種用法：
(1) 表示“盡管如此”“無論如何”，含有despite something else 的意味。
如：
This idea probably won’t work, but let’s try it anyway.
這個辦法可能行不通，不過我們還是試試吧。
Her parents were opposed to her giving up her course, but she did it anyway.
她父母反對她放棄學(xué)業(yè)，但她還是沒有聽。
(2) 對前面所說的話起補(bǔ)充作用，或使其聽起來無關(guān)緊要，意思是“反正”“話又說回來”。
如：
Of course I don’t mind taking you home—I’m going that way anyway.
我當(dāng)然可以把你送回家——反正我也是順路。
(3) 用于談話中表示改變話題，回到原來說的話題或者即將談到最有趣的話題，意思是“對了”“好吧”“不管怎么說”“無論如何”“再說”。
如：
I don’t have time to go and anyway it’s too expensive.
我沒有時間去，而且也太貴了。
Anyway, let’s leave that for the moment and look at this month’s profit figures.
好吧，讓我們把那個問題放一放，我們來看看本月的利潤額。
(4) 用于表示略去一些細(xì)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)到下一個主要話題，意思是“總之”。
如：
I went to college anyway, as a part-time student, paying my own way.
總之我上了大學(xué)，半工半讀，自食其力。
Anyway, to cut a long story short, we had this argument and I haven’t seen him since.
總之，長話短說吧，我們發(fā)生了爭執(zhí)，我以后再也沒有見到他。
(5) 用于限制或糾正前面所說過的話，以使其更準(zhǔn)確符合事實，意思是“至少”。
如：
It’s something I can’t tell you—not just now, anyway.
這事我不能告訴你，至少現(xiàn)在不行。
There seems to have been a technical problem—anyway, that’s what they told me.
好像出了個技術(shù)故障，至少他們是這么跟我說的。
【下面15道題練習(xí)鞏固，看看你能做對幾道題，答案在文末】
1. I don’t like those shoes; _______, they’re too expensive.
A. besides
B. however
C. therefore
D. instead
2. This is one possible solution to the problem. _______, there are others.
A. Nevertheless
B. Besides
C. Therefore
D. However
3. There’s no coffee — would you like a cup of tea _______?
A. yet
B. otherwise
C. instead
D. still
4. I thought those figures were correct. _______, I have recently heard they were not.
A. Nevertheless
B. However
C. Besides
D. Instead
5. Geoff didn’t study law. _______, he decided to become an actor.
A. Besides
B. Instead
C. Nevertheless
D. Still
6. The house was too expensive and too big. _______, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
A. Moreover
B. Otherwise
C. However
D. Besides
7. I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting _______.
A. however
B. nevertheless
C. otherwise
D. instead
8. The incomes of male professionals went up by almost 80%. _______, part-time women workers saw their earnings fall.
A. Besides
B. Therefore
C. Still
D. Meanwhile
9. Phone home, _______ your parents will start to worry.
A. otherwise
B. instead
C. therefore
D. however
10. The old system had its flaws, but _______ it was preferable to the new one.
A. instead
B. otherwise
C. nevertheless
D. therefore
11. When it’s a nice day I walk to work, _______ I go by bus.
A. however
B. however
C. instead
D. otherwise
12. The new boots are lighter and softer, and _______ more comfortable to wear.
A. instead
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. meantime
13. Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. _______ it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
A. Otherwise
B. Thus
C. Nevertheless
D. Instead
14. Catherine wasn’t sure the book was the right one, but she bought it _______.
A. instead
B. besides
C. therefore
D. anyway
15. Progress so far has been very good. We are, _______, confident that the work will be completed on time.
A. still
B. therefore
C. anyway
D. besides
參
考
答
案
1—5 ADCBB
6—10 DBDAC
11—15 DCBDB
（本內(nèi)容從網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，若侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除。）
